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141.
142.
Kiyono Sekii Willi Salvenmoser Katrien De Mulder Lukas Scharer Peter Ladurner 《BMC developmental biology》2009,9(1):62
Background
Failure of sperm differentiation is one of the major causes of male sterility. During spermiogenesis, spermatids undergo a complex metamorphosis, including chromatin condensation and cell elongation. Although the resulting sperm morphology and property can vary depending on the species, these processes are fundamental in many organisms. Studying genes involved in such processes can thus provide important information for a better understanding of spermatogenesis, which might be universally applied to many other organisms. 相似文献143.
Kousuke Kasahara Hidemasa Goto Masato Enomoto Yasuko Tomono Tohru Kiyono Masaki Inagaki 《The EMBO journal》2010,29(16):2802-2812
14‐3‐3 proteins control various cellular processes, including cell cycle progression and DNA damage checkpoint. At the DNA damage checkpoint, some subtypes of 14‐3‐3 (β and ζ isoforms in mammalian cells and Rad24 in fission yeast) bind to Ser345‐phosphorylated Chk1 and promote its nuclear retention. Here, we report that 14‐3‐3γ forms a complex with Chk1 phosphorylated at Ser296, but not at ATR sites (Ser317 and Ser345). Ser296 phosphorylation is catalysed by Chk1 itself after Chk1 phosphorylation by ATR, and then ATR sites are rapidly dephosphorylated on Ser296‐phosphorylated Chk1. Although Ser345 phosphorylation is observed at nuclear DNA damage foci, it occurs more diffusely in the nucleus. The replacement of endogenous Chk1 with Chk1 mutated at Ser296 to Ala induces premature mitotic entry after ultraviolet irradiation, suggesting the importance of Ser296 phosphorylation in the DNA damage response. Although Ser296 phosphorylation induces the only marginal change in Chk1 catalytic activity, 14‐3‐3γ mediates the interaction between Chk1 and Cdc25A. This ternary complex formation has an essential function in Cdc25A phosphorylation and degradation to block premature mitotic entry after DNA damage. 相似文献
144.
145.
Masato Enomoto Hidemasa Goto Yasuko Tomono Kousuke Kasahara Kunio Tsujimura Tohru Kiyono Masaki Inagaki 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2009,284(49):34223-34230
Chk1, one of the critical transducers in DNA damage/replication checkpoints, prevents entry into mitosis through inhibition of Cdk1 activity. However, it has remained unclear how this inhibition is cancelled at the G2/M transition. We reported recently that Chk1 is phosphorylated at Ser286 and Ser301 by Cdk1 during mitosis. Here, we show that mitotic Chk1 phosphorylation is accompanied by Chk1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in prophase. This translocation advanced in accordance with prophase progression and was regulated by Crm-1-dependent nuclear export. Exogenous Chk1 mutated at Ser286 and Ser301 to Ala (S286A/S301A) was observed mainly in the nuclei of prophase cells, although such nuclear accumulation was hardly observed in wild-type Chk1. Induction of S286A/S301A resulted in the delay of mitotic entry. Biochemical analyses using immunoprecipitated cyclin B1-Cdk1 complexes revealed S286A/S301A expression to block the adequate activation of Cdk1. In support of this, S286A/S301A expression retained Wee1 at higher levels and Cdk1-induced phosphorylation of cyclin B1 and vimentin at lower levels. A kinase-dead version of S286A/S301A also localized predominantly in the nucleus but lost the ability to delay mitotic entry. These results indicate that Chk1 phosphorylation by Cdk1 participates in cytoplasmic sequestration of Chk1 activity, which releases Cdk1 inhibition in the nucleus and promotes mitotic entry. 相似文献
146.
Yoshiko Fukuyama Daisuke Tokuhara Shinichi Sekine Kazuyoshi Aso Kosuke Kataoka Julia Davydova Masato Yamamoto Rebekah S. Gilbert Yuka Tokuhara Keiko Fujihashi Jun Kunisawa Yoshikazu Yuki Hiroshi Kiyono Jerry R. McGhee Kohtaro Fujihashi 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
We assessed the role of CCR5+/CCR6+/CD11b+/CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) for induction of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific antibody (Ab) responses following mucosal immunization. Mice given nasal OVA plus an adenovirus expressing Flt3 ligand (Ad-FL) showed early expansion of CCR5+/CCR6+/CD11b+/CD11c+ DCs in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). Subsequently, this DC subset became resident in submandibular glands (SMGs) and nasal passages (NPs) in response to high levels of CCR-ligands produced in these tissues. CD11b+/CD11c+ DCs were markedly decreased in both CCR5−/− and CCR6−/− mice. Chimera mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells from CD11c-diphtheria toxin receptor (CD11c-DTR) and CCR5−/− or CD11c-DTR and CCR6−/− mice given nasal OVA plus Ad-FL had elevated plasma IgG, but reduced IgA as well as low anti-OVA secretory IgA (SIgA )Ab responses in saliva and nasal washes. These results suggest that CCR5+CCR6+ DCs play an important role in the induction of Ag-specific SIgA Ab responses. 相似文献
147.
Sun-Young Han Hiroki Inoue Tamami Terada Shigehiro Kamoda Yoshimasa Saburi Katsuhiko Sekimata 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(3):279-283
Lignostilbene-α,β-dioxygenase (LSD, EC 1.13.11.43) is involved in oxidative cleavage of the central double bond of lignostilbene to form the corresponding aldehydes by a mechanism similar to those of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase and β-carotene 15,15′-dioxygenase, key enzymes in abscisic acid biosynthesis and vitamin A biosynthesis, respectively. In this study, several N-benzylideneanilines and amine were synthesized and examined for their efficacy as inhibitors of LSD. N-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methoxyaniline was found to be a potent inhibitor with IC50 = 0.3 µM and N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methoxyaniline was also active with IC50 = 10 µM. The information obtained from the structure-activity relationships study here can aid in discovering inhibitors of both abscisic acid and vitamin A biosynthesis. 相似文献
148.
149.
Kiyono Sekii Dita B. Vizoso Georg Kuales Katrien De Mulder Peter Ladurner Lukas Sch?rer 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2013,280(1757)
Sperm production is a key male reproductive trait and an important parameter in sperm competition theory. Under sperm competition, paternity success is predicted to depend strongly on male allocation to sperm production. Furthermore, because sperm production is inherently costly, individuals should economize in sperm expenditure, and conditional adjustment of the copulation frequency according to their sperm availability may be expected. However, experimental studies showing effects of sperm production on mating behaviour and paternity success have so far been scarce, mainly because sperm production is difficult to manipulate directly in animals. Here, we used phenotypic engineering to manipulate sperm-production rate, by employing dose-dependent RNA interference (RNAi) of a spermatogenesis-specific gene, macbol1, in the free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano. We demonstrate (i) that our novel dose-dependent RNAi approach allows us to induce high variability in sperm-production rate; (ii) that a reduced sperm-production rate is associated with a decreased copulation frequency, suggesting conditional adjustment of mating behaviour; and (iii) that both sperm production and copulation frequency are important determinants of paternity success in a competitive situation, as predicted by sperm competition theory. Our study clearly documents the potential of phenotypic engineering via dose-dependent RNAi to test quantitative predictions of evolutionary theory. 相似文献
150.
Moriya T Chikenji T Thoreson AR Zhao C An KN Amadio PC 《Journal of biomechanics》2011,44(7):1414-1416
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature, velocity and load on the gliding resistance (GR) of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons in a human cadaver model. A total of 40 FDP tendons from the index through small digits of ten human cadavers were tested to assess the effect of temperature (4, 23 or 36 °C), velocity (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 mm/s) and load (250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 g) on GR. The mean GR at 4 °C was significantly higher than the mean GR at 36 °C (p<0.0066). There was no significant difference in the mean GR of the tested velocities. The mean GR was proportional to load, with each successive load having significantly higher GR than the loads before it (all p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean GR by digit. In this in vitro model, we have demonstrated that tendon gliding resistance is proportional to load, independent of velocity and somewhat affected by temperature. We conclude that it is important to specify these conditions when reporting gliding resistance, especially load and temperature. 相似文献