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101.
Overexpression of an Arabidopsis thaliana galactinol synthase gene improves drought tolerance in transgenic rice and increased grain yield in the field
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Michael Gomez Selvaraj Takuma Ishizaki Milton Valencia Satoshi Ogawa Beata Dedicova Takuya Ogata Kyouko Yoshiwara Kyonoshin Maruyama Miyako Kusano Kazuki Saito Fuminori Takahashi Kazuo Shinozaki Kazuo Nakashima Manabu Ishitani 《Plant biotechnology journal》2017,15(11):1465-1477
Drought stress has often caused significant decreases in crop production which could be associated with global warming. Enhancing drought tolerance without a grain yield penalty has been a great challenge in crop improvement. Here, we report the Arabidopsis thaliana galactinol synthase 2 gene (AtGolS2) was able to confer drought tolerance and increase grain yield in two different rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes under dry field conditions. The developed transgenic lines expressing AtGolS2 under the control of the constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter (Ubi:AtGolS2) also had higher levels of galactinol than the non‐transgenic control. The increased grain yield of the transgenic rice under drought conditions was related to a higher number of panicles, grain fertility and biomass. Extensive confined field trials using Ubi:AtGolS2 transgenic lines in Curinga, tropical japonica and NERICA4, interspecific hybrid across two different seasons and environments revealed the verified lines have the proven field drought tolerance of the Ubi:AtGolS2 transgenic rice. The amended drought tolerance was associated with higher relative water content of leaves, higher photosynthesis activity, lesser reduction in plant growth and faster recovering ability. Collectively, our results provide strong evidence that AtGolS2 is a useful biotechnological tool to reduce grain yield losses in rice beyond genetic differences under field drought stress. 相似文献
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103.
Takuma Ohtsuka Satoshi Neki Tamotsu Kanai Kazunari Akiyoshi Shin-ichiro M. Nomura Takashi Ohtsuki 《Analytical biochemistry》2011,(1):97
The integral membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin, containing a fluorescent amino acid at a specific position, was synthesized in the presence of hydrated lipid films using an in vitro translation system expanded with a four-base codon/anticodon pair. Cell-sized liposomes with the labeled protein inserted into the liposome membranes were generated after the translation reaction. This study also demonstrated that this labeling method could be used to analyze the dynamic properties of membrane proteins in situ by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. 相似文献
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105.
Takeshi Mizumoto Ikkyu Aihara Takuma Otsuka Ryu Takeda Kazuyuki Aihara Hiroshi G. Okuno 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2011,197(9):915-921
We present a novel method for imaging acoustic communication between nocturnal animals. Investigating the spatio-temporal
calling behavior of nocturnal animals, e.g., frogs and crickets, has been difficult because of the need to distinguish many
animals’ calls in noisy environments without being able to see them. Our method visualizes the spatial and temporal dynamics
using dozens of sound-to-light conversion devices (called “Firefly”) and an off-the-shelf video camera. The Firefly, which
consists of a microphone and a light emitting diode, emits light when it captures nearby sound. Deploying dozens of Fireflies
in a target area, we record calls of multiple individuals through the video camera. We conduct two experiments, one indoors
and the other in the field, using Japanese tree frogs (Hyla japonica). The indoor experiment demonstrates that our method correctly visualizes Japanese tree frogs’ calling behavior. It has confirmed
the known behavior; two frogs call synchronously or in anti-phase synchronization. The field experiment (in a rice paddy where
Japanese tree frogs live) also visualizes the same calling behavior to confirm anti-phase synchronization in the field. Experimental
results confirm that our method can visualize the calling behavior of nocturnal animals in their natural habitat. 相似文献
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107.
Ohki Y Higo T Uemura K Shimada N Osawa S Berezovska O Yokoshima S Fukuyama T Tomita T Iwatsubo T 《The EMBO journal》2011,30(23):4815-4824
Amyloid-β peptide ending at the 42nd residue (Aβ42) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Small compounds that exhibit selective lowering effects on Aβ42 production are termed γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) and are deemed as promising therapeutic agents against AD, although the molecular target as well as the mechanism of action remains controversial. Here, we show that a phenylpiperidine-type compound GSM-1 directly targets the transmembrane domain (TMD) 1 of presenilin 1 (PS1) by photoaffinity labelling experiments combined with limited digestion. Binding of GSM-1 affected the structure of the initial substrate binding and the catalytic sites of the γ-secretase, thereby decreasing production of Aβ42, possibly by enhancing its conversion to Aβ38. These data indicate an allosteric action of GSM-1 by directly binding to the TMD1 of PS1, pinpointing the target structure of the phenylpiperidine-type GSMs. 相似文献
108.
Yukio Ago Masato Umehara Kosuke Higashino Shigeru Hasebe Kazumi Fujita Kazuhiro Takuma Toshio Matsuda 《Neurochemical research》2014,39(5):825-832
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) are used as a model for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), since SHRs are hyperactive and show defective sustained attention in behavioral tasks. The psychostimulants amphetamine and methylphenidate and the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine are used as ADHD medications. The effects of high K+ stimulation or psychostimulants on brain norepinephrine or dopamine release in SHRs have been previously studied both in vitro and in vivo, but the effects of atomoxetine on these neurotransmitters have not. The present study examined the effects of administration of atomoxetine on extracellular norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex of juvenile SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Baseline levels of prefrontal norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin were similar in SHRs and WKY rats. Systemic administration of atomoxetine (3 mg/kg) induced similar increases in prefrontal norepinephrine and dopamine, but not serotonin, levels in both strains. Furthermore, there was no difference in high K+-induced increases in extracellular norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex between SHRs and WKY rats. These findings indicate that monoamine systems in the prefrontal cortex are similar between SHRs and WKY rats. 相似文献
109.
Aims
To confirm the mechanisms of age-associated detrusor underactivity (DU), we examined the differences in bladder activity and connexin-43 (Cx43)-derived gap junctions in the bladders of young and old rats.Main methods
Female Sprague–Dawley rats aged 3 months (young) and 12 months (old) were used. Continuous cystometry was performed under urethane anesthesia in both ages of rats. In addition, isovolumetric cystometry was performed in young rats during the intravesical application of carbenoxolone, a gap junction blocker, to confirm the role of gap junction proteins in the bladder. Western blotting analyses were performed to assess Cx43 protein expression in the bladders of both groups of rats. Bladders were also analyzed using Masson's trichrome staining and immunostaining for Cx43.Key findings
Cystometric evaluations revealed that compared with young rats, bladder contractility was reduced by 27% and residual urine volume was significantly increased in old rats. However, the intercontraction intervals did not differ between the two groups. Under isovolumetric conditions, bladder contraction was suppressed after the intravesical application of carbenoxolone. In the bladders of old rats, increase of smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and fibrous tissue was observed compared with young rats. In association with these findings, immunostaining for smooth muscle Cx43 and its protein level were decreased by 28% compared with young rats.Significance
These results suggest that age-related DU might be caused by the downregulation of gap junctional intercellular communication in the bladder. Consequently, the normal signals that contribute to voiding function might not be transported between detrusor muscles. 相似文献110.