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41.
Zenjiro Osawa Tsubura Morota Kenichi Hatanaka Toshihiro Akaike Kei Matsuzaki Hideki Nakashima Naoki Yamamoto Eiichiro Suzuki Hiroshi Miyano Tohru Mimura Yutaro Kaneko 《Carbohydrate polymers》1993,21(4):283-288
Sulfopropyl curdlan was synthesized, its structure was determined, and the anti-HIV activity was compared with that of standard curdlan sulfates obtained with piperidine N-sulfonic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide. It was shown that sulfopropyl curdlan exhibits weaker anti-HIV activity than curdlan sulfate. Curdlan sulfates were synthesized with a SO3-pyridine complex in a heterogeneous phase. It was shown from 13C-NMR spectra of acetylated curdlan sulfates that they had a different substituent distribution from standard curdlan sulfate. The cytotoxicity of the curdlan sulfates was attributed to their heterogeneous structure. 相似文献
42.
43.
Makoto Kimura Takashi Kamakura Quan Zhou Tao Isao Kaneko Isamu Yamaguchi 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》1994,242(2):121-129
Aspergillus terreus produces a unique enzyme, blasticidin S deaminase, which catalyzes the deamination of blasticidin S (BS), and in consequence confers high resistance to the antibiotic. A cDNA clone derived from the structural gene for BS deaminase (BSD) was isolated by transforming Escherichia coli with an Aspergillus cDNA expression library and directly selecting for the ability to grow in the presence of the antibiotic. The complete nucleotide sequene of BSD was determined and proved to contain an open reading frame of 393 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 130 amino acids. Comparison of its nulceotide sequence with that of bsr, the BS deaminase gene isolated from Bacillus cereus, indicated no homology and a large difference in codon usage. The activity of BSD expressed in E. coli was easily quantified by an assay based on spectrophotometric recording. The BSD gene was placed in a shuttle vector for Schizosaccharomyces pombe, downstream of the SV40 early region promoter, and this allowed direct selection with BS at high frequency, following transformation into the yeast. The BSD gene was also employed as a selectable marker for Pyricularia oryzae, which could not be transformed to BS resistance by bsr. These results promise that the BSD gene will be useful as a new dominant selectable marker for eukaryotes. 相似文献
44.
Examination of the method for measuring soil respiration in cultivated land: Effect of carbon dioxide concentration on soil respiration 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
Toshie Nakadai Hiroshi Koizumi Youzou Usami Mitsumasa Satoh Takehisa Oikawa 《Ecological Research》1993,8(1):65-71
An acceleration of soil respiration with decreasing CO2 concentration was suggested in the field measurements. The result supporrs that obtained in laboratory experiments in our
previous study. The CO2 concentrations in a chamber of the alkali absorption method (the AA-method) were about 150–250 parts/106 lower than that in the atmosphere (about 350 parts/106), while those observed in the open-flow IRGA method (the OF-method) were nearly equal to the soil surface CO2 levels. The AA-method at such low CO2 levels in the chamber appears to overestimate the soil respiration. Our results showed that the rates obtained by the AA-method
were about twice as large as those by the OF-method in field and laboratory measurements. This finding has important consequences
with respect to the validity of the existing data obtained by the AA-method and the estimation of changes in the terrestrial
carbon flow with elevated CO2 相似文献
45.
M. Matsuda A. Kaneko M. Fukuyama T. Itoh M. Shingaki M. Inoue J.E. Moore P.G. Murphy Y. Ishida 《Journal of applied microbiology》1996,81(6):608-612
Two strains of urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC), CF89–12 and CF89–14, which were identified as UPTC by biochemical characterization, were found for the first time in river water in the Far East, namely, in Japan. The biochemical characteristics were identical to those of strains described previously by Bolton and colleagues. Furthermore, these two strains were positive for arylsulphatase. Consequently, it was demonstrated that UPTC may possibly be differentiated phenotypically from Campylobacter lari by the arylsulphatase test, as well as urease and nalidixic acid tests. Analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion with Apa I, Sal I and Sma I, which were found to produce distributions of DNA fragments to be suitable for analysis of the genomic DNA from the thermophilic Campylobacter , respectively, demonstrated that these three restriction enzymes produced distributions of a relatively limited number of genomic DNA fragments and also demonstrated that the PFGE profiles obtained with the three restriction enzymes were indistinguishable between the two strains, respectively. The PFGE analysis and conventional fixed-field agarose gel electrophoresis suggested that the both genomes were approximately 1862 kb in length. Even though the two isolates of UPTC were isolated from water in different rivers in Japan, the results suggested that a single strain. as opposed to two distinct strains, was isolated. PFGE profiles after digestion with Sal I and Sma I, respectively, were also demonstrated to be distinctly different among strains isolated in Japan and previously in Europe. This is the first example of the isolation of UPTC from natural sources in countries other than those in Europe. 相似文献
46.
Bacteria have devised sophisticated signaling systems for elicitinga variety of adaptive responses to their environment, whichare generally referred to as the "two-component regulatory system."The widespread occurrence of the two-component systems in bothprokaryotes and eukaryotes implies that it is a powerful devicefor a wide variety of adaptive responses of cells to their environment.The two-component signal transducers contain one or more ofthree conserved and characteristic phosphotransfer signalingdomains, named the "transmitter, receiver, and alternative transmitter."The recently determined entire genomic sequence of Synechocystissp. strain PCC 6803 allowed us to compile systematically a completelist of genes encoding such two-component signal transductionproteins. The results of such an effort, made in this study,revealed that at least 80 ORFs were identified as members ofthe two-component signal transducers in this single speciesof cyanobacteria. 相似文献
47.
Takeshi Nishimura Setsuko Yamamoto Takaaki Yamamoto Munekiyo Kaneko Youichi Hara 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1996,51(2):149-159
The antithrombotic effect of topical application of the 3-oxamethano-prostaglandin (PG) I1 analog, SM-10902 in the microcirculation and in vitro antiplatelet functions of its active form SM-10906 were estimated in comparison with PGI2 and PGE1. In rat platelets, SM-10906 evoked accumulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate, and exhibited antiaggregatory and disaggregatory activities, which were all enhanced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline. Additionally, SM-10906 was shown to inhibit platelet adhesion to collagen in human platelet-rich plasma. PGI2 and PGE1 also showed in vitro antiplatelet effects in the order of PGI2 > SM-10906 ≥ PGE1. SM-10902 exhibited a dose-dependent antithrombotic effect in the guinea pig mesenteric arteriole by a topical application, and this activity might be exerted by the antiplatelet functions of SM-10906. Although SM-10906, PGI2 and PGE1 also showed the antithrombotic effects, SM-10902 was the most potent. In conclusion, the present studies indicate that an external topical preparation of SM-10902 may be useful for the therapy of peripheral circulatory insufficiency. 相似文献
48.
Phosphorylation of hepatitis C virus-encoded nonstructural protein NS5A. 总被引:21,自引:12,他引:9 下载免费PDF全文
Two proteins, a 56-kDa protein (p56) and a 58-kDa protein (p58), are produced from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural region 5A (NS5A). Recently, we found that both proteins are phosphorylated at serine residues and that p58 is a hyperphosphorylated form of p56. Furthermore, hyper-phosphorylation depends on the production of an intact form of the HCV NS4A protein. To clarify the nature of NS5A phosphorylation, pulse-chase analysis was performed with a transient protein production system in cultured cells. The study indicated that basal and hyperphosphorylation of NS5A occurred after proteolytic production of NS5A was complete. In an attempt to identify the location of the hyperphosphorylation sites in p58, proteins with sequential deletions from the C-terminal region of NS5A and with mutations of possible phosphorylated serine residues to a neutral amino acid, alanine, were constructed. The deleted or mutated proteins were then tested for hyperphosphorylation in the presence of the NS4A product. Here, we report that serine residues 2197, 2201, and/or 2204 are important for hyper-phosphorylation. Important sites for basal phosphorylation were identified in the region from residues 2200 to 2250 and in the C-terminal region of the NS5A product. A subcellular localization study showed that most of the NS5A products were localized in the nuclear periplasmic membrane fraction. 相似文献
49.
Circular DNA Plasmid in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Alternaria Alternata: Its Temperature-Dependent Curing and Association with Pathogenicity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
We found the presence of plasmid DNA in strain T88-56 of the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata, which causes black spot of certain cultivars of Japanese pear by producing host-specific AK-toxin. The plasmid, designated pAAT56, was identified to be an ~5.4-kilobase (kb) circular molecule by electron microscopic observation and restriction endonuclease mapping. Southern blot analysis showed that pAAT56 DNA had no homology with either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA. Cultures of strain T88-56 grown at 26° showed markedly reduced plasmid levels relative to those grown at lower temperatures. The strain was completely cured of pAAT56 during growth at 29°. Temperature-dependent curing of pAAT56 was confirmed by using single-protoplast isolates from mycelia grown at 23°, most of which maintained the plasmid, and from mycelia grown at 29°, most of which had lost the plasmid. Northern blot analysis detected the presence of three RNA species (~1.7, 2.7 and 5.4 kb) transcribed from pAAT56. The biological function of pAAT56 was observed using single-protoplast isolates from mycelia that either contained or had been cured of pAAT56. The plasmid-containing isolates tended to be reduced in AK-toxin production and pathogenicity compared with the plasmid-cured isolates. 相似文献
50.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has two envelope proteins, E1 and E2, which form a heterooligomer. During dissection of interacting regions of HCV E1 and E2, we found the presence of an interfering compound or compounds in skim milk. Here we report that human as well as bovine lactoferrin, a multifunctional immunomodulator, binds two HCV envelope proteins. As determined by far-Western blotting, the bacterially expressed E1 and E2 could bind lactoferrin in human milk directly separated or immunopurified and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The bindings of lactoferrin and HCV envelope proteins in vitro were confirmed by another method, the pull-down assay, with immunoprecipitated lactoferrin-bound protein A resin. By the same assay, mammal-expressed recombinant E1 and E2 were also demonstrated to bind human lactoferrin efficiently in vitro. Direct interaction between E2 and lactoferrin was proved in vivo, since anti-human lactoferrin antibody efficiently coimmunoprecipitated with secreted and intracellular forms of the E2 protein, but not glutathione S-transferase (GST), from lysates of HepG2 cells transiently cotransfected with the expression plasmids of human lactoferrin and gE2t-GST (the N-terminal two-thirds of E2 fused to GST) or GST. The N-terminal loop of lactoferrin, the region important for the antibacterial activity, has only a little role in the binding ability to HCV E2 but affected the secretion or stability of lactoferrin. Taken together, these results indicate the specific interaction between lactoferrin and HCV envelope proteins in vivo and in vitro. 相似文献