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991.
Stress induces various responses, including translational suppression and tRNA degradation in mammals. Previously, we showed that heat stress induces degradation of initiator tRNAMet (iMet) through 5′–3′ exoribonuclease Xrn1 and Xrn2, respectively. In addition, we found that rapamycin inhibits the degradation of iMet under heat stress conditions. Here, we report that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates the diffusion of Xrn2 from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm, facilitating the degradation of iMet under conditions of heat stress. Our results suggest a mechanism of translational suppression through mTOR-regulated iMet degradation in mammalian cells. 相似文献
992.
Tomohiro Kimura Ryutaro Shirakawa Nobuhiro Yaoita Takashi Hayashi Keisuke Nagano Hisanori Horiuchi 《FEBS letters》2014
Quinoline derivatives such as chloroquine and primaquine are widely used for the treatment of malaria. These drugs are also used for the treatment of trypanosomiasis, and more recently for cancer therapy. However, molecular target(s) of these drugs remain unclear. In this study, we have identified human pyridoxal kinase as a binding protein of primaquine. Primaquine inhibited pyridoxal kinases of malaria, trypanosome and human, while chloroquine inhibited only malaria pyridoxal kinase. Thus, we have identified pyridoxal kinase as a possible target molecule of the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and primaquine. 相似文献
993.
Yoko Maruyama Yu-Shin Sou Shun Kageyama Takao Takahashi Takashi Ueno Keiji Tanaka Masaaki Komatsu Yoshinobu Ichimura 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2014
Autophagy is a unique intracellular protein degradation system accompanied by autophagosome formation. Besides its important role through bulk degradation in supplying nutrients, this system has an ability to degrade certain proteins, organelles, and invading bacteria selectively to maintain cellular homeostasis. In yeasts, Atg8p plays key roles in both autophagosome formation and selective autophagy based on its membrane fusion property and interaction with autophagy adaptors/specific substrates. In contrast to the single Atg8p in yeast, mammals have 6 homologs of Atg8p comprising LC3 and GABARAP families. However, it is not clear these two families have different or similar functions. The aim of this study was to determine the separate roles of LC3 and GABARAP families in basal/constitutive and/or selective autophagy. While the combined knockdown of LC3 and GABARAP families caused a defect in long-lived protein degradation through lysosomes, knockdown of each had no effect on the degradation. Meanwhile, knockdown of LC3B but not GABARAPs resulted in significant accumulation of p62/Sqstm1, one of the selective substrate for autophagy. Our results suggest that while mammalian Atg8 homologs are functionally redundant with regard to autophagosome formation, selective autophagy is regulated by specific Atg8 homologs. 相似文献
994.
995.
Shirou Tsuchida Mao TamuraNaoya Hamaue Takashi Aoki 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2014
A novel cloning vector that can be used to identify recombinant Escherichia coli colonies by activation of the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) was constructed. Screening using the vector does not require special reagents. The recombinant plasmid activates GFP, and the rate of false-positive results is low. 相似文献
996.
Kazuo Hara Nobuhiro ShojimaJun Hosoe Takashi Kadowaki 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2014
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 70 loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Most genetic variants associated with T2D are common variants with modest effects on T2D and are shared with major ancestry groups. To what extent the genetic component of T2D can be explained by common variants relies upon the shape of the genetic architecture of T2D. Fine mapping utilizing populations with different patterns of linkage disequilibrium and functional annotation derived from experiments in relevant tissues are mandatory to track down causal variants responsible for the pathogenesis of T2D. 相似文献
997.
Shoji Tane Aiko Ikenishi Hitomi Okayama Noriko Iwamoto Keiichi I. Nakayama Takashi Takeuchi 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2014
Mammalian cardiomyocytes actively proliferate during embryonic stages, following which cardiomyocytes exit their cell cycle after birth. The irreversible cell cycle exit inhibits cardiac regeneration by the proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Exactly how the cell cycle exit occurs remains largely unknown. Previously, we showed that cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK activities are inhibited before the CDKs levels decrease in postnatal stages. This result suggests that factors such as CDK inhibitors (CKIs) inhibit CDK activities, and contribute to the cell cycle exit. In the present study, we focused on a Cip/Kip family, which can inhibit cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK activities. Expression of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 but not p57Kip2 showed a peak around postnatal day 5, when cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK activities start to decrease. p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 bound to cyclin E, cyclin A and CDK2 at postnatal stages. Cell cycle distribution patterns of postnatal cardiomyocytes in p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 knockout mice showed failure in the cell cycle exit at G1-phase, and endoreplication. These results indicate that p21Cip1 and p27Kip play important roles in the cell cycle exit of postnatal cardiomyocytes. 相似文献
998.
Yitagele Terefe Zerihun Hailemariam Sissay Menkir Minoru Nakao Antti Lavikainen Voitto Haukisalmi Takashi Iwaki Munehiro Okamoto Akira Ito 《International journal for parasitology》2014
The African origin of hominins suggests that Taenia spp. in African carnivores are evolutionarily related to the human-infecting tapeworms Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica. Nevertheless, the hypothesis has not been verified through molecular phylogenetics of Taenia. This study aimed to perform phylogenetic comparisons between Taenia spp. from African hyenas and the congeneric human parasites. During 2010–2013, 233 adult specimens of Taenia spp. were collected from 11 spotted hyenas in Ethiopia. A screening based on short DNA sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene classified the samples into four mitochondrial lineages designated as I–IV. DNA profiles of nuclear genes for DNA polymerase delta (pold) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) showed that lineages II and III can be assigned as two independent species. Common haplotypes of pold and pepck were frequently found in lineages I and IV, suggesting that they constitute a single species. Morphological observations suggested that lineage II is Taenia crocutae, but the other lineages were morphologically inconsistent with known species, suggesting the involvement of two new species. A phylogenetic tree of Taenia spp. was reconstructed by the maximum likelihood method using all protein-coding genes of their mitochondrial genomes. The tree clearly demonstrated that T. crocutae is sister to T. saginata and T. asiatica, whereas T. solium was confirmed to be sister to the brown bear tapeworm, Taenia arctos. The tree also suggested that T. solium and T. arctos are related to two species of Taenia in hyenas, corresponding to lineages I + IV and III. These results may partially support the African origin of human-infecting Taenia spp., but there remains a possibility that host switching of Taenia to hominins was not confined to Africa. Additional taxa from African carnivores are needed for further testing of the “Out of Africa” hypothesis of Taenia in humans. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Soichiro Tabuchi Junji Ito Takashi Adachi Hiroki Ishida Yoji Hata Fumiyoshi Okazaki Tsutomu Tanaka Chiaki Ogino Akihiko Kondo 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,87(5):1783-1789
A novel cell surface display system in Aspergillus oryzae was established by using a chitin-binding module (CBM) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an anchor protein. CBM was fused to the N or C terminus of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the fusion proteins (GFP-CBM
and CBM-GFP) were expressed using A. oryzae as a host. Western blotting and fluorescence microscopy analysis showed that both GFP-CBM and CBM-GFP were successfully expressed
on the cell surface. In addition, cell surface display of triacylglycerol lipase from A. oryzae (tglA), while retaining its activity, was also successfully demonstrated using CBM as an anchor protein. The activity of
tglA was significantly higher when tglA was fused to the C terminus than N terminus of CBM. Together, these results show that
CBM used as a first anchor protein enables the fusion of both the N and/or C terminus of a target protein. 相似文献