Innervation of the arteriovenous anastomoses in the dog tongue

Summary Profiles of nerve plexuses in the arteriovenous anastomoses of the dog tongue were investigated by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Three-dimensional morphology of the vascular nerves was examined after removal of the connective tissue components by the HCl-hydrolysis method. Tight bending and a rich nerve supply were the most characteristic features of the anastomosing channels. The tunica media consisted of an outer circular layer of typical smooth-muscle cells and an inner region containing longitudinal plicae of ramified smoothmuscle cells. The tunica adventitia was exclusively occupied by nerve bundles; fibroblasts were poorly developed. Numerous nerve bundles of variable size were coiled around the anastomosing channels, and occasional bundles ran crosswise over the U-shaped bent vessels.     

Studies on griseolic acid derivatives. I. Synthesis of substituted derivatives of griseolic acid at the N1, C6, C2' or C7' position and their biological activities

Griseolic acid derivatives having a different substituent at the N1,C6,C2' or C7' position of the natural product were synthesized and their structure activity relationship to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity was investigated.     

Inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase by papaverine.

Papaverine was found to inhibit NAD⁺-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase partially purified from guinea pig lung. The inhibition was noncompetitive with prostaglandin E₂, uncompetitive with NAD⁺, and reversible. The Ki was calculated to be 26 μM. Papaverine also inhibited the enzyme from swine lung, chicken and dog heart, and rat and dog kidney. The inhibitory effects of papaverine on the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase were compared with those on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases in these tissues.     

Vegetative compatibility relationships among weakly pathogenic isolates (pathotype E) ofVerticillium dahliae

Twenty-two isolates ofVerticillium dahliae, which were isolated from green soybeean (Glycine max), udo (Aralia cordata), horseradish (Cochlearia armoracia), sweetpea (Lathyrus odoratus), or a weed (Chenopodium album) were used in this study. Conidia and microsclerotia of these isolates were morphologically identical with those ofV. dahliae but did not coincide withV. longisporum. Pathogenicity tests showed that these isolates were of weak pathotype. Eleven of the 22 isolates, which were obtained from green soybean and udo, were pathogenic to green soybeans. Thus pathotype E was composed of two groups: ‘soybean pathotype’ which was pathogenic to green soybeans; and isolates nonpathogenic to green soybeans. The latter were defined as isolates of pathotype E in the narrow sense. Selected representativenit1 and NitM mutants of eachV. dahliae isolate were paired with VCGJ testers. Fourteen isolates ofV. dahliae (So1, So22, So23, So27, So28, So39, So40, So41, U54, U68, U69, U90, U95, and U115) showed complementary reactions with subgroups J1 and J3 and were assigned to subgroup J3. Isolate U108 was assigned to subgroup J2. Isolate HR1 was not compatible with any testers of VCGJ. With this exception, isolates of pathotype E in the narrow sense and those of ‘soybean pathotype’ were thus assigned to known VCGJ subgroups and did not form a unique group corresponding to their pathotype. ‘Soybean pathotype’ could not be distinguished among isolates of pathotype E by vegetative compatibility.     

Relation between Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Content and Chloroplast Number in Naturally Senescing Primary Leaves of Wheat

The amounts of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase protein decreasedrapidly with leaf age to a low content by the middle stage ofsenescence. In contrast, the decrease in chloroplast numberwas slight during the same period. This indicates that the enzymecan be degraded within the chloroplast before the chloroplastsdisintegrate during senescence. (Received September 3, 1983; Accepted November 24, 1983)     

Action Potential in the Trap-lobes of Aldrovanda vesiculosa

The trap of Aldrovanda vesiculosa, an aquatic insectivorousplant, consists of a pair of lobes (trap-lobes) which bordereach other at the midrib. The central portion of the lobe iscomposed of three cell layers, an inner and outer epidermisenclosing a single middle layer of relatively large cells, whereasthe marginal portion consists only of the two epidermal celllayers. Intracellular potentials of these cells were measuredby the microelectrode technique. All the cells of the lobeswere excitable and had identical membrane potentials at rest( –110 mV) and during action (amplitude, 130 mV). Theaction potential of each cell was elicited by bending a sensoryhair, one of many standing on the inner surface of the centralportion, or by injecting an outward current into another cellin the lobe. Action potentials were propagated throughout thetrap-lobes at a rate of about 8 cm/sec. The maximum rising ratewas 2.7 V/sec and the duration of the action potential was 1sec. (Received August 8, 1981; Accepted October 15, 1981)     

Nature of the erythroid colony stimulating extract obtained from spleen of irradiated rats (author's transl)]

Non-adherent bone marrow cells of a bled rabbit were cultured in plasma clot media containing auto-serum, alpha-medium, erythropoietin (Ep) and spleen extract from irradiated rats. The preparations were cloted on a cover glass, fixed and stained by Giemsa or hemoglobin staining method after 3 or 5 days in culture, and the number of erythroid colony was counted as reported elsewhere. In the present study, first, it was elucidated that the optimal numbers of innoculating cells were among 0.6 approximately 1.2 x 10(4) cells per well for the erythroid colony formation. Second, this colony formation was slightly stimulated by the experimental media which contained heat treated extract at 40 degree or 50 degree C for 30 minutes. Contrary this, the extract treated at 70 degree C for 30 minutes lost completely its stimulating activity of the colony formation, suggesting that the effective substances might be protein in the extract. Third, an inhibitory factory might be present in the dialysate of the crude spleen extract, because the number of erythroid colonies decreased in a dose response manner by the dialysate. The residue of inner dialysate, however, certainly contained the colony stimulating factors (s). The crude extract was separated into five fractions (F1 approximately F5) by ammonium sulfate. F1, which was precipitated with 40% ammonium sulfate, had the highest activity for the colony formation. Fetuin also showed appreciable effect on the erythroid colony formation.     

Teratogenic effects of nickel chloride on embryonic mice and its transfer to embryonic mice.

Administration of nickel chloride to the pregnant mice on the seventh to eleventh day of their gestational period, resulted in significant embryotoxic effects in terms of an increased resorption rate, a decreased fetal weight, delay in skeletal ossification and high incidence of malformation. Among the cases of fetal malformation, the following malformations were observed to occur at a higher rate of incidence: acephalia, exencephaly, cerebral hernia, open eyelid, cleft palate, micromelia, ankylosis of the extremity, club foot and skeletal anomalies. Most skeletal anomalies were in the form of vertebral and/or rib fusions and were found mostly at thoracic and lumbar levels. The concentration of nickel retained in embryonic tissues was 800 times higher in the exposed compared to control groups and indicated that increased tissue levels of nickel chloride had a toxic influence on the developing embryo.     

Purification and characterization of bovine dental sac collagenase

1. Active type collagenase was purified as much as 140-fold from the explant medium of bovine dental sacs and showed a single band on disc gel electrophoresis. Purified collagenase cleaved native collagen at only one locus under physiological conditions, but hydrolyzed neither gelatin nor alpha-casein. The optimal pH was about 7.8. 2. The molecular weight of active type enzyme was 35,000 by gel filtration and 34,000 by gel electrophoresis. The activation of latent type of collagenase resulted in the reduction of molecular weight from 45,000 to 38,000 by gel filtration. 3. A small but detectable amount of collagenase was directly extracted from frozen and thawed bovine dental sacs. In explant media of frozen and thawed tissue and fresh tissue with actinomycin D, some activity was detected for the first 2 days, but essentially no collagenase activity was detected in the explant medium after day 3. 4. The latent type collagenase was activated by trypsin, 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate (4-APMA), thiocyanate and deoxycholate (DOC). DOC showed irreversible dissociation of latent type enzyme in similar fashion to that exerted by 4-APMA. 5. The purified collagenase was inhibited by bovine serum, EDTA, o-phenanthroline, cysteine and dithiothreitol.