van der Waals Forces between Cylinders: II. Retarded Interaction between Thin Isotropic Rods

We derive the retarded van der Waals interaction between two long thin parallel dielectric cylinders immersed in a solvent. The result shows that the ultraviolet interactions which may be responsible for the specificity of macromolecular interactions do not operate strongly over distances R ≥ 50 Å. For greater distances the contribution of these frequencies ξ is damped by a factor ∞ e^-ξR/c.     

An Analytical Model of the Counter-Current Heat Exchange Phenomena

An analytical model for the counter-current heat exchange mechanism in animals has been formulated and a solution has been obtained. The nondimensional parameters that govern the mechanism have been determined in terms of the properties of the animal. The normalized temperatures are functions of normalized distance and, in general, three nondimensional heat transfer conductances. Graphical results are presented for two representative physiological systems. These results allow a delineation of those situations in which counter-current heat transfer is important, and also a quantitative prediction of the heat transfer and temperature distributions. The theory is compared to the available experimental results.