Self-compatibility of ��Katy�� apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is associated with pollen-part mutations

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars originated in China display a typical S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). ‘Katy’, a natural self-compatible cultivar belonging to the European ecotype group, was used as a useful material for breeding new cultivars with high frequency of self-compatibility by hybridizing with Chinese native cultivars. In this work, the pollen-S genes (S-haplotype-specific F-box gene, or SFB gene) of ‘Katy’ were first identified as SFB ₁ and SFB ₈, and the S-genotype was determined as S ₁ S ₈. Genetic analysis of ‘Katy’ progenies under controlled pollination revealed that the stylar S₁-RNase and S₈-RNase have a normal function in rejecting wild-type pollen with the same S-haplotype, while the pollen grains carrying either the SFB ₁ or the SFB ₈ gene are both able to overcome the incompatibility barrier. However, the observed segregation ratios of the S-genotype did not fit the expected ratios under the assumption that the pollen-part mutations are linked to the S-locus. Moreover, alterations in the SFB ₁ and SFB ₈ genes and pollen-S duplications were not detected. These results indicated that the breakdown of SI in ‘Katy’ occurred in pollen, and other factors not linked to the S-locus, which caused a loss of pollen S-activity. These findings support a hypothesis that modifying factors other than the S-locus are required for GSI in apricot.     

HSV转基因表达IL-1ra抑制P77PMC大鼠的惊厥发作

利用PCR基因克隆及基因转染技术 ,构建含人IL 1ra(IL 1receptorantago nist,IL 1ra)cDNA的质粒型单纯疱疹病毒 (herpessimplexvirus ,HSV)载体 ,再由HSV 1tsK株包装成假病毒颗粒 ,然后注入P77PMC听源性惊厥易感大鼠侧脑室 ,观察LacZ基因和IL 1ra在脑内的表达情况及对P77PMC大鼠惊厥程度的影响 .结果表明 :( 1 )LacZ在脑内神经和非神经细胞可持续表达 8周以上 ;( 2 )侧脑室注射pHSV IL 1ra假病毒可明显抑制P77PMC大鼠的惊厥发作 .原位杂交和免疫荧光染色发现脑膜和脉络丛上皮细胞及某些神经细胞有IL 1ramRNA和蛋白的表达 .结果表明HSV载体可有效地将IL 1ra基因转入脑内 ,并能明显抑制P77PMC听源性惊厥易感大鼠的惊厥发作 .     

R22L天花粉蛋白的晶体结构

培养了R2 2LTCS的单晶 ,在SIEMENSX 2 0 0B面探测器系统上收集了一套 0 .1 91nm分辨率的X射线衍射数据 .数据处理用XENGEN程序系统完成 ,数据使用到 0 .2 2 0nm .用同晶差值Fourier法解析了突变体的晶体结构 ,经XPLOR程序修正得到了R2 2LTCS的分子结构 ,并找到了 6 1个水分子 ,最后R因子为 0 .1 82 ,键长和键角RMS偏差分别为 0 .0 0 1 3nm和 2 .770°.在R2 2LTCS分子中 ,与A1 6 1 ,A1 6 2主链氧成氢键的 2 2位精氨酸被亮氨酸取代后形成的空穴被水分子 2 91和 2 96所占据 ,与 2 2位Arg形成盐键相互作用的 1 6 8位Glu的侧链与TCS相比 ,转动了大约 5 0° ,羧基折向相反方向 ,并通过水分子 2 93与 1 6 5位的Lys侧链氨基桥连 .这些水参与的氢键网络部分代替了原R2 2的作用 .还讨论了二级结构间的保守氢键和盐键对活性口袋构象的影响     

Indazole-type alkaloids from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera

Two rare indazole-type alkaloids, nigeglapine (1) and nigeglaquine (2) along with one known compound (3), were isolated from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera. Their structures were confirmed on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods, mainly NMR (¹H, ¹³C, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and ESI-MS, and comparison with data in the literature. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of glycosylated indazole-type alkaloids.     

大豆疫霉菌抗甲霜灵特性研究

大豆疫霉Phytophthorasojae易对甲霜灵产生抗性,从大豆疫霉野生型菌株可诱变筛选到对甲霜灵有抗性的菌株Mtr。Mtr抗性菌株的抗性水平可达野生型单游动孢子菌株的870倍以上。Mtr性状在无性后代稳定遗传,在游动孢子后代连续三代未发生抗药性分离。大豆疫霉Mtr性状的保持对甲霜灵没有表现依赖性。Mtr单游动孢子菌株在不含甲霜灵的胡萝卜培养基(CA)平板上培养30d后对甲霜灵的抗性没有下降,其单游动孢子后代也未出现抗药性分离。     

甲霜灵对大豆疫霉野生菌株及突变菌株生长发育影响的细胞学研究

本文利用电子显微镜技术研究了内吸性杀菌剂甲霜灵(Metalaxyl)对大豆疫霉Phytophthoras ojae野生菌株和突变菌株的形态学及超微结构的影响。结果表明:不同浓度甲霜灵处理后可导致野生菌株和突变菌株发生一系列不同的变化。低浓度(1μg/mL)处理后,野生菌株在培养基上的生长即可受到抑制,菌丝呈现不规则的肿胀、过度分枝;菌丝细胞壁不规则加厚,菌丝细胞内液泡增加,脂肪粒累积,细胞器排列紊乱,原生质最终坏死。随浓度的升高,野生菌株立即停止生长,菌丝干瘪坏死。而突变菌株只在高浓度(10μg/mL)甲霜灵处理后顶端菌丝出现少量较小的分枝,菌丝细胞壁无增厚现象,但细胞内脂肪粒大量积累,明显高于敏感性菌株;突变菌株在高浓度甲霜灵压力下仍继续生长。