丙泊酚对全肝缺血再灌注大鼠脑损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的:探究丙泊酚对全肝缺血再灌注(THIR)大鼠脑损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:选取72只健康成年雄性SD大鼠,将其按照抽签法分成假手术组、对照组以及丙泊酚组。所有大鼠予以12h禁食处理,采用3%戊巴比妥钠行腹腔注射麻醉处理,常规消毒后取上腹部正中切口进入腹腔。假手术组仅暴露肝门,不予以阻断处理。对照组与丙泊酚组则以无创动脉夹阻断肝固有动脉、门静脉和胆总管,在右肾动脉水平处阻断肝下下腔静脉,膈肌水平阻断肝上下腔静脉,进入全肝缺血阶段,阻断30 min后去除动脉夹恢复肝血流。其中丙泊酚组在全肝缺血前10 min予以丙泊酚50 mg/kg腹腔注射干预,假手术组与对照组则予以等量的生理盐水腹腔注射干预。比较三组大鼠再灌注24h后的脑组织细胞凋亡率、特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)蛋白表达水平,脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)水平,血清白介素-6(IL-6)以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果:对照组与丙泊酚组大鼠的细胞凋亡率及Caspase-3相对表达量均高于假手术组,而丙泊酚组细胞凋亡率及Caspase-3相对表达量均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。对照组与丙泊酚组大鼠脑组织SOD水平均低于假手术组,而丙泊酚组脑组织SOD水平高于对照组;对照组与丙泊酚组大鼠脑组织MDA、NO水平均高于假手术组,而丙泊酚组脑组织MDA、NO水平低于对照组(均P<0.05)。对照组与丙泊酚组大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于假手术组,而丙泊酚组血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:丙泊酚可有效抑制THIR大鼠脑损伤引起的细胞凋亡,其主要机制可能与抑制Caspase-3表达、炎症反应以及抗自由基损伤有关。     

基于主成分分析法探讨人体测量学参数与青少年血糖关系的研究

目的:调查分析人体测量学参数包括体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC)、腰围/臀围比(WHR)及腰围/身高比(WHtR)对南昌地区青少年空腹血糖的影响。方法:在南昌地区进行随机抽样检查731例12-18岁之间的青少年,测量身高、体重、BMI、WC、HC、WHR、WHtR和空腹血糖,用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果:男女性的五项人体测量学指标和空腹血糖间均呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.14-0.38;通过主成分分析得到四个主成分,多重回归分析结果表明联合四个主成分比单独使用其中任何一个更能解释空腹血糖的变异。结论:BMI、WC、HC、WHR、WHtR与男性和女性空腹血糖都有一定相关性,并且联合这五项测量学指标比单独使用其中任何一个能更精确预测空腹血糖。     

红果黄檀一新异名

通过对红果黄檀(Dalbergia tsoi Merr. et Chun)和白沙黄檀(D. peishaensis Chun et T. Chen)的标本研究及野外观察,确认两者为同种植物,故将白沙黄檀处理为红果黄檀的异名。     

低分子肝素的绿色荧光蛋白荧光标记及其活性检测

增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）是生物领域常用的标记物. 本实验首先利用高碘酸法活化低分子肝素（LMWH）,与EGFP连接得到LMWH EGFP.然后用Sephacryl S-200 HR对其进行初步分离,再用Sephadex G-10 HR进行脱盐纯化. 采用Sephacryl S 200 HR检测LMWH EGFP的纯度,为单一对称峰. 经检测,LMWH-EGFP具有良好的热稳定性和耐碱性. 通过荧光分光检测器检测LMWH-EGFP的λEx为488 nm,λEm为509 nm. 通过抗凝实验发现LMWH EGFP仍具有抗凝活性. 本实验建立了LWMH荧光标记的方法,为多糖的荧光标记提供了新的选择.     

RACK1对硼替佐米诱导的多发性骨髓瘤细胞凋亡及MAPK/ERK通路的影响

目的:探讨蛋白激酶C受体(Receptor for activated C kinase1,RACK1)对硼替佐米(Bortezomi,Bor)诱导的多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple myeloma,MM)细胞凋亡及MAPK/ERK通路的影响。方法:选取6例岳阳市第一人民医院收治的MM患者及6名正常体检者,用实时荧光定量PCR检测血浆及人MM细胞系中RACK1 m RNA的表达。将MM细胞分为3组:对照组(不干预)、Bor组(75n M的Bor干预12 h)和Bor+siRACK1组(RACK1 si RNA转染24 h后再行Bor干预)。CCK-8法检测各组细胞中的细胞存活率,Hoechest 33342染色检测细胞凋亡,Western Blot检测MAPK/ERK通路相关蛋白表达。结果:与正常体检者相比,MM患者血浆及MM细胞系中RACK1 m RNA表达显著增加(P0.05)。Bor作用12 h、24 h和48 h可显著降低MM细胞的存活率(P0.05)。与对照组相比,Bor组和Bor+siRACK1组细胞存活率显著降低,Bor+siRACK1组细胞存活率明显高于Bor组(P0.05)。Hoechest 33342染色显示对照组细胞核染色均一,未见凋亡小体,Bor组见少量凋亡小体,而Bor+siRACK1组细胞见大量凋亡小体,表现为核固缩或碎块状;与对照组相比,Bor组和Bor+siRACK1组细胞中多发性骨髓瘤细胞凋亡率显著增加(P0.05),Bor+siRACK1组多发性骨髓瘤细胞凋亡率明显高于Bor组(P0.05)。三组间多发性骨髓瘤细胞凋亡率对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,Bor组和Bor+siRACK1组细胞中p-P38和p-ERK的表达显著降低,而Bor+siRACK1组p-P38和p-ERK的表达低于Bor组(P0.05),3组间P38和ERK的表达对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:RACK1沉默可增强Bor诱导的MM细胞凋亡及生长抑制,其机制可能与MAPK/ERK途径抑制有关。     

Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) are commonly used to lessen symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). However, the effects of PPI therapy on the gastrointestinal microbiota in GERD patients remain unclear. We examined the association between the PPI usage and the microbiota present in gastric mucosal and fecal samples from GERD patients and healthy controls(HCs) using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. GERD patients taking PPIs were further divided into short-term and long-term PPI user groups. We showed that PPI administration lowered the relative bacterial diversity of the gastric microbiota in GERD patients. Compared to the non-PPIuser and HC groups, higher abundances of Planococcaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, and Sphingomonadaceae were found in the gastric microbiota from the PPI-user group. In addition, the Methylophilus genus was more highly abundant in the long-term PPI user group than in the short-term PPI-user group. Despite the absence of differences in alpha diversity, there were significant differences in the fecal bacterial composition of between GERD patients taking PPIs and those not taking PPIs. There was a higher abundance of Streptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Acidaminococcaceae,Micrococcaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae present in the fecal microbiota from the PPI-user group than those from the non-PPI-user and HC groups. Additionally, a significantly higher abundance of Ruminococcus was found in GERD patients on long-term PPI medication than that on shortterm PPI medication. Our study indicates that PPI administration in patients with GERD has a significant effect on the abundance and structure of the gastric mucosal microbiota but only on the composition of the fecal microbiota.     

燃煤污染型氟中毒患者氟暴露、骨相损伤程度与骨形成标志物的关系

慢性氟暴露是世界范围内的公共卫生问题之一.为研究燃煤污染型氟中毒患者中氟暴露、骨相损伤程度与骨形成标志物血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素(BGP)之间的相关关系,以贵州省织金县荷花村(燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区)和安顺市张官村(非氟暴露村)为调查点,采集环境样品,采用氟离子选择电极法测定环境介质及食物中的氟含量.在知情同意的原则下,对295例氟暴露和85例非氟暴露调查对象进行氟斑牙、氟骨症诊断;收集其尿液及外周血,测定尿氟(UF)浓度、ALP活性和BGP含量.结果表明: 病区环境中大米、辣椒、玉米、饮水、黏土、菜土、煤以及室内外空气氟含量均明显高于对照区,但较以往报道数据降低;随着尿氟浓度的升高,ALP活性、BGP含量显著升高,氟骨症病情差异有统计学意义,氟斑牙病情差异无统计学意义;氟骨症病情与ALP活性、BGP含量呈正相关.表明燃煤污染型低氟暴露可引起人群的骨相损害,且ALP、BGP可用于评估氟骨症患者骨转换情况,在氟骨症的辅助诊断、疗效评估中有着一定的应用价值.     

The O-chain structure from the LPS of the bacterium Naxibacter alkalitolerans YIM 31775T

The O-chain polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from the bacterium Naxibacter alkalitolerans strain YIM 31775(T) was characterized. The structure was studied by means of chemical analysis and 2D NMR spectroscopy and shown to be built up by the following tetrasaccharide repeating unit: -->3)-alpha-D-FucpNAc-(1-->2)-beta-D-Quip3NHBu-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Rhap-(1-->)-beta-D-Galp-(1--> where HBu is hydroxy-butanoyl.     

Visualization and Characterization of High-Order Chromatin Fibers under Light Microscope during Interphase and Mitotic Stages in Plants

Using genomic in situ hybridization with genomic DNA, high-order chromatin fibers were successfully exhibited under a light microscope through the cell cycle in barley, rice, maize and field bean. From the interphase to prophase and metaphase of mitosis, the fibers were basically similar. Each was estimated to be around 200 nm in diameter, but the strength of signals was not the same along the fiber length. Through the cell cycle a series of dynamic distribution changes occurred in the fibers. In the interphase, they were unraveled. At the early prophase they were arranged with parallel and mirror symmetry. During late-prophase and metaphase, the fibers were bundled and became different visible chromosomes. The parallel coiling and mirror symmetry structures were visible clearly until the metaphase. In anaphase they disappeared. During telophase, in peripheral regions of congregated chromosome group, borderlines of the chromosomes disappeared and the fibers were unraveled. This demonstrated that mitotic chromosomes are assembled and organized by parallel and adjacent coiling of the fibers and the fibers should be the highest order structure for DNA coiling.