实验恒河猴糖尿病动物模型建立及视网膜并发症的研究

[目的]糖尿病是由于多种因素和遗传因素导致体内胰岛素相对或绝对分泌不足,而引起的代谢性内分泌疾病,它以血糖、尿糖升高为特点,起病隐蔽,通过并发症使人致残致死,是继心血管、癌症之后的第三大致死性疾病,很可能成为21世纪人类的“第一杀手”(1,2)。本文采用人工诱导的方法,建立恒河猴糖尿病动物模型,研究糖尿病疾病的发展和及其并发症的发生、发展规律和防治措施,同时对于治疗糖尿病新药的安全性评价和药物疗效的观察具有广阔的运用前景。[方法]选用成熟的、健康的、雄性恒河猴9只,随机分成三个组,其中高剂量组(60mg/kg)1只,中剂量组(45m…     

假丝酵母Candida rugosa产脂肪酶条件的优化

对假丝酵母Candidarugosa产脂肪酶的条件进行了优化.比较实验证明,碳源是影响酶产量的主要因素.其中,糖类使细胞生长良好,但酶产量较低,而脂类是较为适合的碳源.本实验首次发现长链的不饱和脂肪酸酯,三油酸甘油酯是最好的碳源.氮源的影响较小.而添加物的使用是有效提高脂肪酶产量的另一种方法.PVA可促进碳源的乳化,从而提高脂肪酶产量.吐温虽没有促进细胞生长,但却大幅度提高了酶的产量.将以上优化的结果应用于发酵罐中,分批流加操作时,脂肪酶产量高达每毫升128.2单位,为目前报道的最高值.     

探讨我国森林野生动物红外相机监测规范

野生动物多样性是生物多样性监测与保护管理评价的关键指标, 因此对野生动物进行长期监测是中国森林生物多样性监测网络(CForBio)等大尺度生物多样性监测研究计划的一个重要组成部分。2011年以来, CForBio网络陆续在多个森林动态监测样地开展以红外相机来监测野生动物多样性。随着我国野生动物红外相机监测网络的初步形成, 亟待建立和执行基于红外相机技术的统一监测规范。基于3年来在我国森林动态监测样地红外相机监测的进展情况, 以及热带生态评价与监测网络针对陆生脊椎动物(兽类和鸟类)所提出的红外相机监测规范, 本文从监测规范和监测注意事项等方面探讨了我国森林野生动物红外相机监测的现状和未来。     

长白山北坡土壤动物群落物种共有度的海拔梯度变化

群落间各生活型土壤动物科及所有土壤动物科的共有度,一定程度上反映了群落间的相关性及沿环境梯度的物种替代关系。应用梯度格局法在长白山北坡海拔550～2650m地段,每隔100m海拔高度设置一块样地,共计22块样地,并应用Jaccard指数,对各海拔不同土壤动物群落间物种共有度的海拔梯度变化进行了分析。结果表明,不同海拔土壤动物群落间物种的共有度,无论以哪一生活层的土壤动物科来表达,基本都以与其最相邻的群落间为最高,群落间物种共有度峰值与谷点反映了群落类型随海拔具有间断性变化。线虫、甲螨、弹尾等各生活型土壤动物的共有度以及所有土壤动物科的共有度,均随着海拔差的增加呈下降趋势,但并非与植被情况完全吻合。     

土壤中群体感应淬灭细菌的原位分离与筛选

【背景】许多革兰氏阴性细菌通常以N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acylhomoserine lactones,AHLs)作为群体感应主要的信号分子。【目的】从土壤中筛选和鉴定新型群体感应淬灭细菌。【方法】通过"垫圈法"从土壤中原位培养分离细菌,采用琼脂条法、报告菌平板法及β-半乳糖苷酶活性测定筛选群体感应淬灭细菌,根据16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析确定菌株系统发育地位。【结果】从不同地区土样中原位培养共分离获得细菌502株。以根癌土壤杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4 (pZLR4)作为报告菌,最终得到11株具有较强降解AHLs能力的细菌,包括假单胞菌5株、不动杆菌4株、变形杆菌和莱茵海默氏菌各1株。大部分细菌可完全降解N-3-羰基十二酰基高丝氨酸内酯(3OC12-HSL),部分细菌对N-(3-氧代己酰)高丝氨酸内酯(3OC6-HSL)和N-3-氧代辛酰高丝氨酸内酯(3OC8-HSL)具有一定降解活性。【结论】Proteus和Rheinheimera可降解AHLs,为今后防治依赖群体感应的植物细菌病害提供新型生防资源。     

高盐溶液预处理幽门螺杆菌对蒙古沙土鼠胃黏膜损伤作用

目的 探讨高盐预处理的幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)对胃黏膜的损伤作用。 方法 将30%高盐预处理前后的胃癌来源的H.pylori菌株(4854)灌胃蒙古沙土鼠(MGs),在灌胃后13、26和73周解剖动物,通过组织病理学检查、免疫组化染色和黏膜厚度测量,探讨高盐预处理的H.pylori对胃黏膜的损伤作用。 结果 与未加盐预处理的相应菌株相比,高盐预处理组小鼠的慢性炎症、黏膜变性/坏死、腺体萎缩伴肠上皮化生的发生率较低,黏膜糜烂/溃疡和黏膜上皮增生的发生率较高,差异均有统计学意义(t=8.325 6,P=0.040 8)。第73周,高盐预处理4854菌株组胃体和胃窦黏膜增生显著高于未加盐预处理组(t=12.802 4,P=0.035 1;t=16.536 0,P=0.043 8)。 结论 高盐预处理改变了H.pylori的体内致病性,有助于阐明H.pylori感染与高盐饮食在胃病中的相互作用模式。     

A novel prognostic signature of immune‐related genes for patients with colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers with an estimated 1.8 million new cases worldwide and associated with high mortality rates of 881 000 CRC‐related deaths in 2018. Screening programs and new therapies have only marginally improved the survival of CRC patients. Immune‐related genes (IRGs) have attracted attention in recent years as therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to identify an immune‐related prognostic signature for CRC. To this end, we combined gene expression and clinical data from the CRC data sets of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) into an integrated immune landscape profile. We identified a total of 476 IRGs that were differentially expressed in CRC vs normal tissues, of which 18 were survival related according to univariate Cox analysis. Stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis established an immune‐related prognostic signature consisting of SLC10A2, FGF2, CCL28, NDRG1, ESM1, UCN, UTS2 and TRDC. The predictive ability of this signature for 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival was determined using receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and the respective areas under the curve (AUC) were 79.2% and 76.6%. The signature showed moderate predictive accuracy in the validation and GSE38832 data sets as well. Furthermore, the 8‐IRG signature correlated significantly with tumour stage, invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis by univariate Cox analysis, and was established an independent prognostic factor by multivariate Cox regression analysis for CRC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed a relationship between the IRG prognostic signature and various biological pathways. Focal adhesions and ECM‐receptor interactions were positively correlated with the risk scores, while cytosolic DNA sensing and metabolism‐related pathways were negatively correlated. Finally, the bioinformatics results were validated by real‐time RT?qPCR. In conclusion, we identified and validated a novel, immune‐related prognostic signature for patients with CRC, and this signature reflects the dysregulated tumour immune microenvironment and has a potential for better CRC patient management.     

Thermosensitive heparin‐poloxamer hydrogel encapsulated bFGF and NGF to treat spinal cord injury

The application of growth factors (GFs) for treating chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) has been shown to promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery. However, direct administration of GFs is limited by their rapid degradation and dilution at the injured sites. Moreover, SCI recovery is a multifactorial process that requires multiple GFs to participate in tissue regeneration. Based on these facts, controlled delivery of multiple growth factors (GFs) to lesion areas is becoming an attractive strategy for repairing SCI. Presently, we developed a GFs‐based delivery system (called GFs‐HP) that consisted of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and heparin‐poloxamer (HP) hydrogel through self‐assembly mode. This GFs‐HP was a kind of thermosensitive hydrogel that was suitable for orthotopic administration in vivo. Meanwhile, a 3D porous structure of this hydrogel is commonly used to load large amounts of GFs. After single injection of GFs‐HP into the lesioned spinal cord, the sustained release of NGF and bFGF from HP could significantly improve neuronal survival, axon regeneration, reactive astrogliosis suppression and locomotor recovery, when compared with the treatment of free GFs or HP. Moreover, we also revealed that these neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of GFs‐HP were likely through activating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signalling pathways. Overall, our work will provide an effective therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.