大腹园蛛管状腺丝重组蛋白的克隆表达及纺丝

TuSp1蛋白(tubuliform spidroin 1)是管状腺丝(tubuliform silkfiber)的主要组成成分。管状腺丝作为蛛丝卵袋的外层包卵丝,其结构具有很好的耐腐蚀性和良好的力学性能。目前国内外对大腹园蛛TuSp1蛋白的研究很少,仅有一条基因序列的报道。本课题首次构建含大腹园蛛N端非重复结构域、重复单元以及C端非重复结构域的重组管状腺丝蛋白TuSp1 NT-Rp-CT,并经湿法纺丝获得重组蛋白丝纤维。重组蛋白液圆二色谱分析结果显示,pH由7.0降低到5.5的过程中,始终保持稳定的α-螺旋构象;重组蛋白丝纤维的傅里叶变换红外光谱结果显示,丝纤维中主要二级结构为β-折叠及β-转角;经扫描电镜观察发现,冻干的絮状重组蛋白能自组装成丝纤维,且表面光滑纤细;湿纺后的重组蛋白丝纤维直径较粗,但表面较平整均匀,具有类似天然管状腺丝的形态特征,这些为TuSp1蛋白的成丝机理及仿生纺丝研究提供了理论依据。     

资源型地区工业集聚对生态效率的影响——基于我国9个典型资源型省份的实证研究

资源型地区生态环境与工业经济发展之间的矛盾异常突出。本研究以2006—2015年山西、内蒙古、黑龙江、贵州、云南、陕西、青海、宁夏和新疆9个典型资源型省份为样本,深入研究专业化、相关多样化和无关多样化等不同类型工业集聚对资源型地区生态效率的影响及作用机制。结果表明: 专业化集聚对生态效率具有显著的负向影响,除宁夏以外,多数资源型省份的工业专业化程度呈下降趋势,有利于生态效率的提高。相关多样化集聚对生态效率的影响呈“U”型曲线,山西、青海和宁夏的工业相关多样化程度小于临界值1.49,抑制了生态效率的提高;其他省份已跨越拐点,对生态效率的提升作用已经显现。无关多样化对生态效率具有负向影响,山西、贵州、陕西和黑龙江等省的工业无关多样化程度略有下降,有利于生态效率的提高;其他省份则明显上升,不利于生态效率的改善。研究结论可为资源型地区工业绿色转型路径选择和相关政策制定提供理论依据。     

青岛地区COVID19流行病学特征分析

目的分析青岛地区新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的流行病学特征。方法纳入青岛市自2020年1月21日至3月3日所有COVID-19确诊病例(n=60),收集患者基本信息和流行病学资料,分析易感人群、传播模式、基本繁殖数、疫情进展及其与防控措施的相关性。结果 60例确诊患者包括27例输入性病例和33例本地感染病例。本地感染者以女性为主,占69.7%,显著高于输入性病例(37.0%)(χ~2=6.400,P=0.011)。本地共发生三代传播,发病例数逐代减少。青岛地区总病例R0值为1.49。本地一代、二代和三代的R0值分别为1.38、1.53、1.56。传播模式由家庭聚集性向密切接触转换。结论青岛地区本地传播病例女性易感,日新增病例总体呈波浪式下降趋势,目前疫情已基本得到控制,应进一步做好分区分级精准防控,加强对外来人员的隔离观察,防止出现疫情反弹。     

水相中氢气浓度检测方法的建立

近年来,研究表明氢分子具有广泛的生物学效应,饮用富氢水（hydrogen-rich water,HRW）是其主要的摄取方法,但目前对于水相中氢气浓度检测方法的研究甚少。为了建立适用于测定水相中氢气浓度的检测方法,利用纯水氢气发生器制备饱和富氢水。然后,利用氢气微电极直接测定水相中的氢气浓度,结果表明,在不同氢气浓度范围内（0～1.620 0 mg·L-1和0～0.202 5 mg·L-1）,氢气浓度与微电极信号值均呈现良好的线性关系,方法检出限（method detection limit,MDL）为4.3×10-3 mg·L-1。同时,采用顶空方式将水相中的氢气转移到气相中,通过气相色谱法测定氢气的浓度,结果表明,在不同氢气浓度范围内（0～1.620 0 mg·L-1和0～0.202 5 mg·L-1）,氢气浓度与气相色谱峰面积均具有良好的线性关系,MDL为8.7×10-4 mg·L-1。研究结果表明,氢微电极法和气相色谱法均可用于水相中氢气浓度的精确定量,即成功建立了采用氢气微电极及顶空气相色谱测定水相中氢气含量的检测方法。     

多杀菌素对天敌昆虫白蛾周氏啮小蜂的毒力评估

[目的] 生物防治与化学防治相结合是害虫综合防治的重要策略,蛹寄生蜂白蛾周氏啮小蜂是一种重要的天敌昆虫,在美国白蛾的生物防控中起关键作用。本研究旨在评估农林生产中常用的广谱、低毒杀虫剂多杀菌素对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的安全性。[方法] 采用药膜法检测多杀菌素对小蜂的毒力,并检测亚致死浓度多杀菌素处理后,小蜂体内解毒酶活性的变化。[结果] 多杀菌素对小蜂无短期（1 h）触杀作用,但随施药时间延长,其对小蜂的毒杀作用增强,25 mg·L^-1多杀菌素施药2 h后,可诱导约18.67%小蜂个体死亡。施药4 h后,不同浓度多杀菌素对小蜂的毒杀作用差异最明显,低浓度（5 mg·L^-1）多杀菌素可诱导11.33%小蜂死亡,而中、高浓度多杀菌素（≥ 15 mg·L^-1）可诱导77.33%~88.00%个体死亡。施药6 h后,LC₅₀值达7.44 mg·L^-1,安全系数为0.31,属高风险性农药。此外,亚致死浓度多杀菌素可明显诱导小蜂羧酸酯酶活性提高,对乙酰胆碱酯酶与谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性具有剂量效应。[结论] 多杀菌素对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的毒力作用较强,在美国白蛾生防区需慎用。     

单核细胞的原代分离方法优化及其炎症激活模型的构建

为了得到高纯度高得率的单核细胞(monocyte)并分析其在血栓发生中的作用,本研究利用10位健康人的血样分离出单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC),并通过免疫磁珠分选来获得单核细胞,测定PBMC与单核细胞的得率。通过制备血浆中的高丰度蛋白β2GPI,并与其抗体构成抗原抗体复合物来刺激细胞培养,通过荧光定量PCR检测细胞培养基中组织因子TF和TNF-α的含量,构建单核细胞炎症激活模型。实验结果显示单核细胞的得率较高,纯度和活性较好,且β2GPI纯化效果好。荧光定量PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,添加β2GPI抗原抗体复合物的实验组TF与TNF-αmRNA表达量明显增多。本实验表明纯化的单核细胞被充分激活,在细胞水平上为研究机体炎症反应和血栓形成的分子机理提供了炎症模型。     

DNA methylation and demethylation link the properties of mesenchymal stem cells: Regeneration and immunomodulation

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population that can be isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and craniofacial tissue. MSCs have attracted increasingly more attention over the years due to their regenerative capacity and function in immunomodulation. The foundation of tissue regeneration is the potential of cells to differentiate into multiple cell lineages and give rise to multiple tissue types. In addition,the immunoregulatory function of MSCs has provided insights into therapeutic treatments for immune-mediated diseases. DNA methylation and demethylation are important epigenetic mechanisms that have been shown to modulate embryonic stem cell maintenance, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by activating or suppressing a number of genes. In most studies, DNA hypermethylation is associated with gene suppression, while hypomethylation or demethylation is associated with gene activation. The dynamic balance of DNA methylation and demethylation is required for normal mammalian development and inhibits the onset of abnormal phenotypes. However, the exact role of DNA methylation and demethylation in MSC-based tissue regeneration and immunomodulation requires further investigation. In this review, we discuss how DNA methylation and demethylation function in multi-lineage cell differentiation and immunomodulation of MSCs based on previously published work. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of the role of DNA methylation and demethylation in MSCs for the treatment of metabolic or immune-related diseases.     

The effect of grazing on winter survival of midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus) of different genders

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of grazing on midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus) population characteristics and survival of animals of different genders. The experiment used a randomized complete block design and was conducted in Alxa Left Banner, Inner Mongolia, China, in 2002 (The agricultural reclamation plots set up in 1994). From April 2006 to October 2010, midday gerbils were live‐trapped in 3 light grazing plots, 3 overgrazed plots, and 3 grazing exclusion plots. The quantity of vegetation was investigated in the two different grazing intensity areas and grazing exclusion area to determine the relationship between gerbils and plant food availability. The results suggested that there was higher gerbil density, individual body mass, and daily body mass growth rate in the grazing exclusion sites than the other sites across the whole year. Females had higher survival in grazing exclusion areas than in other treatments, but the males’ survival showed the opposite pattern. Our results indicated that grazing negatively influenced the midday gerbil population by reducing food availability. Grazing influenced the survival rates of male midday gerbils positively, but had negative effects on females. The reason for gendered differences in survival rates of midday gerbils requires further investigation.