外源碳输入对中亚热带森林深层土壤碳矿化和微生物决策群落的影响

在陆地生态系统中,深层土壤是重要的有机碳库.外源碳输入可改变土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化速率(激发效应),进而影响土壤碳排放.然而深层土壤对外源碳输入的响应程度和方向如何还不清楚,引起激发效应的机理尚不明确.本文利用¹³C标记葡萄糖添加试验,分析亚热带森林不同层次SOC矿化的激发作用,并通过微生物决策群落(r-K策略者)的相对变化来探讨激发效应的机理.结果表明: 深层土壤矿化速率显著低于表层土壤,添加标记葡萄糖后能增加所有层次土壤原有SOC的矿化(正激发效应),但是深层土壤的激发效应强度(156%)显著高于表层土壤(45%).葡萄糖添加显著降低了各层次土壤微生物的最大比生长速率,表明r策略者相对比例下降而K策略者相对比例增加.推测SOC矿化的正激发效应主要由K策略者的相对比例变化引起.此外,葡萄糖添加后可溶性有机碳和可溶性氮的比值在深层土壤中(76.03)显著高于表层土壤(13.00),暗示深层土壤存在更为强烈的氮限制作用.深层土壤微生物为获取氮源,可能会加剧对原有SOC的矿化,进而产生更强烈的激发效应.深层土壤SOC矿化受碳源和氮源的限制,更容易受外源碳输入的影响,对未来气候变化也更敏感.     

北大西洋大青鲨种群统计分析

大青鲨是金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中最主要的兼捕鱼种,在海洋食物网中属于顶端物种,在海洋生态系统中处于重要地位.由于数据限制,传统的资源评估方法很难准确描述大青鲨的资源动态.本研究基于大青鲨的生活史参数,应用种群统计分析法评估大青鲨的种群参数和资源状态,并探讨了内禀增长率为0时对应的临界捕捞死亡系数F_c与开捕年龄t_c的关系.结果表明： 未开发状态下,大青鲨存活率为0.719～0.820;大青鲨的内在瞬时增长率(r₀)为0.250～0.381,种群倍增时间(t_x2)为1.819～2.773年,种群的净繁殖力(R₀)为6.600～22.255,世代间期时间(G)为8.498～〖JP2〗10.162年,种群资源状态良好.生活史参数的敏感性检验显示,大青鲨初始年龄的自然死亡系数、种群性成熟年龄及寿命的不确定性对种群统计参数的意义影响不大;临界捕捞死亡系数伴随开捕年龄的增大而增大,当t_c≥5时,F_c值与t_c无显著相关关系.     

池塘桡足类休眠卵对浮游种群的潜在补充及其影响因素

休眠卵是桡足类的重要生存策略,其在沉积物中的丰度对水体种群的补充具有重要意义.干塘是池塘养殖管理的重要措施,对池塘生态系统具有重要影响.2014年2月15日(干塘前)和3月2日(干塘后),分别采集广州市南沙区养殖池塘内表层沉积物,研究沉积物中桡足类休眠卵对浮游种群的潜在补充及影响因素.结果表明: 干塘前未冷藏沉积物样品在盐度20时的潜在补充量和孵化率最高,4 ℃冷藏4周后最高值出现在盐度为15的处理组.干塘后未冷藏沉积物样品在盐度15时的潜在补充量和孵化率最高,冷藏4周后最高值出现在盐度为20的处理组.这说明干塘前桡足类休眠卵的潜在补充量显著高于干塘后,且干塘对沉积物中休眠卵的持续孵化时间有影响.     

The Glycerol‐3‐Phosphate Acyltransferase TbGAT is Dispensable for Viability and the Synthesis of Glycerolipids in Trypanosoma brucei

Glycerolipids are the main constituents of biological membranes in Trypanosoma brucei, which causes sleeping sickness in humans. Importantly, they occur as a structural component of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol lipid anchor of the abundant cell surface glycoproteins procyclin in procyclic forms and variant surface glycoprotein in bloodstream form, that play crucial roles for the development of the parasite in the insect vector and the mammalian host, respectively. The present work reports the characterization of the glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase TbGAT that initiates the biosynthesis of ester glycerolipids. TbGAT restored glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase activity when expressed in a Leishmania major deletion strain lacking this activity and exhibited preference for medium length, unsaturated fatty acyl‐CoAs. TbGAT localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane with its N‐terminal domain facing the cytosol. Despite that a TbGAT null mutant in T. brucei procyclic forms lacked glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase activity, it remained viable and exhibited similar growth rate as the wild type. TbGAT was dispensable for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and GPI‐anchored protein procyclin. However, the null mutant exhibited a slight decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis that was compensated with a modest increase in production of ether phosphatidylcholine. Our data suggest that an alternative initial acyltransferase takes over TbGAT's function in its absence.     

RNA的错误剪接影响转基因的表达

利用PCR扩增方法获得1.5 kb人粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)基因组基因,将其受控于2.6 kb的鼠乳清酸蛋白(WAP)基因的启动子下,构建成乳腺表达载体.通过显微注射方法建立转基因鼠,PCR及DNA印迹鉴定证实获得两只转基因阳性鼠.在其乳腺表达出极低的G-CSF.为探讨低表达的原因,采用RT-PCR方法,从转基因鼠乳腺获得G-CSF cDNA,序列分析表明,其RNA剪接出现错误,将其第四外显子识别为内含子,由此导致其低水平表达.     

小麦HMW-GSIDx5基因在小麦不同发育阶段表达的研究(英文)

小麦面粉的烘烤品质与其高分子量谷蛋白5亚基（HMW－GSIDx5）基因的表达有关。本文从该基因的组织、器官特异性和特定发育阶段的表达特性等方面,对其在小麦发育过程中表达的变化规律进行了研究,从分子水平为小麦的栽培和育种提供依据。显微切割普通小麦钢82－122的ID染色体长臂为模板,扩增该基因400bp的片段为探针（Fig．1）,并经重组后测序（Fig．2）确认扩增无误。小麦苗期、生长期、开花期及成熟期分别取样、分离总RNA、做斑点（Fig．3,4＆5）或Northern杂交（Fig．6）、并扫描足量（Fig．7）。结果表明：该基因只在籽粒中表达（Fig．3,4＆5）,从开花15天起（Fig．4）,逐渐增加,至腊熟期达最高,以后渐次降低（Fig．6＆7）,有趣的是：在干种子和萌发种子亦有少量表达（Fig．1）。Cressey和陈和等方曾报告在开花15天可检测到HMW－GS蛋白。     

Anatomy of a New Species of Scolecopteris (Marattiales) from Early Stage of Early Permian in China

Scolecopteris Zenker, a kind of anatomically-preserved fertile foliage of Late Paleozoic Marattiales, has been well studied in Euramerican Flora. It is composed of 28 species which can be divided into four forms (groups) mainly based on modified or umodified pinnules, the variation of the outer facing sporangial walls, and with or without a prominent central parenchyma area. In contrast, Scolecopteris Zenker in Cathaysian Flora has been poorly studied so far, and only one species S. sinensis Zhao, was reported in 1991 which was considered as a member of Minor Group. The paper reports a second species of Scolecopteris, i.e.S, shanxiensis sp. nov., which differs from the above four groups in that its outer facing wall of the sporangia is thick at the base and top (2 ~ 3 layers of cells), and a little thinner ( 1~2 layers of cells) at the midlevel of the synangia. So a new group, Shanxiensis group, is set for the new species. The other characteristics of Shanxiensis group is comparable with Minor group. The new species comes from the coal balls in Coal Seam No. 7 in the upper part of Taiyuan Formation (early Early Permian) from Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. The identification of Scolecopteris shanxiensis sp. nov. :The fertile pinnule probably peeopterids, 5.5 ~ 6.0 mm in length and 2.0 ~ 2.2 mm in width. The lateral extensions of the lamina of the pinnule bend abaxially and above the synangia. The synangia arrange along the sides of the midrib of the pinnnle and there are about 10 synangia in each row. The synangium is elliptical in longitudinal section and radial in cross section, 0.7 ~ 0.8 mm in height and 0.6 ~ 0.7 mm in diameter. Each synangium has 5-7 (mostly 6) fusiform sporangia fused at the base and attached to the top of the synangial pedicel. The outer facing wall of the sporangia consists of 2~3 layers of cells at the base and becomes thinner at the midlevel (1~2 layers of cells), and at the top of the synangia the wall become thicker again. The cells of the outer facing wall of the sporangia are elongate in the longitudinal sections. The lateral and inner facing walls of the sporangia are one cell thick. The synangial pedicel is small. Spores in situ are small, generally 11~14 µm in diameter, spherical or rounded-triangular, trilete and smooth-walled.     

高压力对限制性内切酶活性的影响

以质粒ｐＳＰＯＲＴ１为底物研究了高压力对Ⅱ型限制性内切酶ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＸｂａⅠ反应的影响。高压力未引起两酶底物碱基特异性的改变,但二者反应活力均随压力升高而逐渐下降,ＸｂａⅠ对高压力更敏感。引起ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＸｂａⅠ限制性内切酶活性完全丧失的压力分别为２００和１８０ＭＰａ,半失活压力分别为１３０和７５ＭＰａ。     

A novel receptor-targeted gene delivery system for cancer gene therapy

Some growth factor receptors, such as insulin like growth factor Ⅰ and Ⅱ receptor (IGF Ⅰ R, IGF Ⅱ R) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF R), have been proved to be over-expressed in a variety of human cancers derived from different tissue origins. Based on this molecular alteration, a polypeptide conjugate gene delivery system was designed and synthesized. It contains three essential moieties: a ligand oligopeptide (LOP) for receptor recognition, a polycationic polypeptide (PCP) such as protamine (PA) or poly-L-lysine (PL) as a backbone for DNA binding and an endosome-releasing oligopeptide (EROP) such as influenza baenagglutinin oligopeptide (HA20) for endosomolysis. These components are covalently conjugated as LOP-PCP-HA20 or in the form of a mixture of LOP-PCP and HA20-PCP. A 14 amino acid E5 was designed and synthesized as LOP for IGF Ⅰ R and IGF Ⅱ R, and a 16 amino acid GE7 as LOP for EGF R. Both E5 and GE7 systems could form stable complex with the plasmid DNA as E5-PCP/DNA/PCP-HA20 a