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31.
- A study has been made of the relationships between the synthesesof carbohydrate, protein, and fat by Penicillium lilacinum Thomin presence of different amounts of sodium nitrate us a definedsucrose salts medium.
- Under the defined experimental conditionsincreases in the concentrationof NO2 in the medium werefollowed by increases in therates at which nitrogen and sugarwere taken up by the fungus,in the quantities assimilated,and in total and protein nitrogenin the felt. These conditionsprevailed so long as unassimilatedsugar was available.
- Mediaof lower NO3 concentration (for example, 0·32or 0·64 per cent. (w/v) NaNO2;) yielded feltsricher in carbohydrate than were those grown in media of higherNO2; content (0·96 or 1·28 per cent. (w/v)NaNO3 The carbohydrate content of the felts increased graduallyuntil the sugar in the medium was exhausted; carbohydrate contentthen decreased.
- Media of lower NO3; concentration weremore conduciveto fat synthesis than those of higher NO3;content.
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MICHAEL A. GIBSON THOMAS W. BROADHEAD 《Lethaia: An International Journal of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy》1989,22(3):287-299
Gibson, Michael A. & Broadhead, Thomas W. 1989 07 15: Species-specific growth responses of favositid corals to soft-bottom substrates. Lethaia , Vol. 22, pp. 287–299. Oslo. ISSN 0024–1164.
Species of favositid corals from the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of Tennessee, USA, exhibit structural modifications related to corallum geometry, interfacial skeletal material, and biotic associations that enabled them to survive in terrigenous mud rich environments. Favosites conicus Hall (Lower Devonian) had a flat, holotheca-covered base and a radial pattern of colony growth, but apparently had a short life span and may not have survived beyond the first reproductive cycle (monocarpous). It was adapted for living between major episodes of terrigenous mud influx. F. foerstei (Lower Devonian) had a convex, pseudoholotheca-covered base and a modified axial pattern of colony growth. Its large size, in comparison to that of F. conicus , suggests a longer lived colony (polycarpous), in which continued upward and outward growth enabled it to survive episodic sediment influx. F. forbesi (Upper Silurian) exhibited radial growth to form either (1) a globose corallum that was symbiotic with the stalks of living crinoids permitting the colony to live entirely above the substrate, or (2) a Gorallum with a steeply convex, holotheca-covered base that represents a bottom-dwelling colony in which the rate of growth probably only slightly exceeded the rate of sediment accumulation. * Functional morphology, astogeny, paleoecology, Tabulata . 相似文献
Species of favositid corals from the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of Tennessee, USA, exhibit structural modifications related to corallum geometry, interfacial skeletal material, and biotic associations that enabled them to survive in terrigenous mud rich environments. Favosites conicus Hall (Lower Devonian) had a flat, holotheca-covered base and a radial pattern of colony growth, but apparently had a short life span and may not have survived beyond the first reproductive cycle (monocarpous). It was adapted for living between major episodes of terrigenous mud influx. F. foerstei (Lower Devonian) had a convex, pseudoholotheca-covered base and a modified axial pattern of colony growth. Its large size, in comparison to that of F. conicus , suggests a longer lived colony (polycarpous), in which continued upward and outward growth enabled it to survive episodic sediment influx. F. forbesi (Upper Silurian) exhibited radial growth to form either (1) a globose corallum that was symbiotic with the stalks of living crinoids permitting the colony to live entirely above the substrate, or (2) a Gorallum with a steeply convex, holotheca-covered base that represents a bottom-dwelling colony in which the rate of growth probably only slightly exceeded the rate of sediment accumulation. * Functional morphology, astogeny, paleoecology, Tabulata . 相似文献
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THOMAS N. SHERRATT ANGUS D. MACDOUGALL 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1995,55(2):93-107
A number of foraging studies have demonstrated that populations of predators rarely consist of individuals with identical preferences for particular types of prey. Variation among predators can lead to frequency-dependent changes in population preference, because those predators mat prefer the rarer type of prey generally have the greatest influence on population preference. In this study we develop a series of theoretical models which demonstrate how anti-apostatic selection (i.e. selection against the rare form) can arise out of (a) bimodal and (b) normal variation in preference among individuals of the same species. We show that population level anti-apostatic selection can occur even when individual predators show pro-apostatic selection (i.e. selection against the common form). Furthermore, patterns of population prey selection that arise out of variation in preference can potentially be pro-apostatic over one range of relative densities and anti-apostatic over another range of relative densities. Finally, we examine a case study involving predation by female waterboatmen Notonecta glauca and show that the variation in preference in this species is large enough to generate higher anti-apostatic selection than would be expected from the diet selected by the average individual. 相似文献
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Isozymes and DNA markers in gene conservation of forest trees 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
THOMAS GEBUREK 《Biodiversity and Conservation》1997,6(12):1639-1654
For long-lived plants that have to cope with high temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneity, genetic diversity is of
prime importance for species persistence. Detrimental anthropogenic impact on the gene pool of forest trees calls for conservation
of genetic resources. Potentials and limitations of isozymes and DNA markers in forest genetic conservation are reviewed.
These markers can contribute to conservation with respect to the delimitations of species and hybrid zones, as well as the
assessment of genetic diversity within and among populations. Markers are valuable to identify resource populations, since
today‘s genetic diversity in forest trees is predominantly the result of plant history (e.g. glacial refuges, migration).
Several suggestions have been put forward to optimize sampling of in situ or ex situ populations on the grounds of marker
data. Restraint in this area is recommended. Different types of genetic markers (terpenes, isozymes, nuclear and extrachromosomal
DNA polymorphisms) and quantitative traits yield different information about genetic diversity and population differentiation.
Hence identification of resource populations should not solely be based upon a certain marker type or on quantitative traits
alone. The capability of available markers to predict or assess adaptive potentials in forest tree populations is still very
limited.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献