榆梨绵蚜一些型与卵的新发现和记述（同翅目：蚜总科：瘿绵蚜科）

对榆梨绵蚜Ｅｒｉｏｓｏｍａ ｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓｕｍ ｄｉｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓｕｍ Ｚｈａｎｇ,１９８０的干母,无翅干雌,有翅干雌,无翅侨蚜,有翅性母,雌,雄性蚜放卵进行了描述,除有翅干雌外,其余各型与卵均为首镒记述。所有研究用标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆内。     

糖尿病大鼠肋间肌酶组织化学研究

目的探讨糖尿病早期肋间肌酶组织化学变化。方法应用酶组织化学方法观察糖尿病2周和4周大鼠肋间肌组织脱氢酶、水解酶和氧化酶活性变化。结果糖尿病2周大鼠肋间肌组织琥珀酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶和辅酶Ⅰ黄递酶活性较对照组增强,乳酸脱氢酶活性较对照组减弱,苹果酸脱氢酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、酸性-α-萘酸性酯酶和细胞色素氧化酶无变化。糖尿病4周大鼠肋间肌组织琥珀酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、辅酶Ⅰ黄递酶、酸性磷酸酶和酸性-α-萘酸性酯酶活性较对照组增强,乳酸脱氢酶和细胞色素氧化酶活性较对照组减弱,异柠檬酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶无变化。结论糖尿病2周大鼠肋间肌组织有氧氧化代谢能力增强,糖酵解能力减弱。糖尿病4周大鼠肋间肌组织有氧氧化能力增强、糖酵解能力减弱及能量代谢紊乱。在糖尿病早期呼吸肌存在代谢异常。     

离体条件下葡萄砧木＇5BB＇植株再生体系研究

以葡萄砧木＇5BB＇组培苗为试材,研究不同外植体类型、基本培养基、植物生长调节剂的种类及其浓度组合对＇5BB＇植株再生的影响.结果表明：MS基本培养基为适合叶柄不定芽再生的基本培养基;着生于顶端第2、3节位的叶柄为适宜的外植体;适于叶柄不定芽再生的植物生长调节剂种类及质量浓度组合为2.5 mg/L BA＋0.05mg/L IBA;叶柄不定芽再生率最高可达到43.33%.     

6-磷酸果糖激酶-2/果糖双磷酸酶-2是一种重要的代谢信号酶

6-磷酸果糖激酶-2/果糖双磷酸酶-2(PFK-2/FBPase-2)是糖代谢的一种重要的信号酶。此酶是一种双功能酶,在酶蛋白中具有两个独立的催化中心。PFK-2/FBPase-2通过影响2,6-双磷酸果糖水平实现对糖酵解通路的调节。该文主要介绍PFK-2/FBPase-2的基因结构特点、同工酶,以及在肿瘤中的表达、调控等。     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of RrNHX1 and RrVHA-c genes related to salt tolerance in wild Rosa rugosa

Salt stress is one important factor influencing the growth and development of plants, and salt tolerance of plants is a result of combined action of multiple genes and mechanisms. Rosa rugosa is not only an important ornamental plant, but also the natural aromatic plant of high value. Wild R. rugosa which is naturally distributed on the coast and islands of China has a good salt tolerance due to the special living environment. Here, the vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ reverse transporter gene (NHX1) and the vacuolar H⁺-ATPase subunit C gene (VHA-c) closely related to plant salt tolerance were isolated from wild R. rugosa, and the expression patterns in R. rugosa leaves of the two genes under NaCl stress were determined by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR. The results showed that the RrNHX1 protein is a constitutive Na⁺/H⁺ reverse transporter, the expression of the RrNHX1 gene first increased and then decreased with the increasing salt concentration, and had a time-controlled effect. The RrVHA-c gene is suggestive of the housekeeping feature, its expression pattern showed a similar variation trend with the RrNHX1 gene under the stress of different concentrations of NaCl, and its temporal expression level under 200 mM NaCl stress presented bimodal change. These findings indicated that RrNHX1 and RrVHA-c genes are closely associated with the salt tolerance trait of wild R. rugosa.     

一种快速鉴别烟粉虱与温室白粉虱成虫的方法——复眼镜检法

介绍能够快速鉴别2种形态相似的重要农业害虫即烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)和温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)成虫的方法——复眼镜检法及其应用。复眼镜检法研究表明,烟粉虱成虫上部复眼、下部复眼之间有一个小眼连接,而温室白粉虱成虫上部复眼、下部复眼是完全分离的。     

Cardiac restricted overexpression of kinase-dead mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mutant impairs the mTOR-mediated signaling and cardiac function

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator for cell growth through modulating components of the translation machinery. Previously, numerous pharmacological studies using rapamycin suggested that mTOR has an important role in regulating cardiac hypertrophic growth. To further investigate this assumption, we have generated two lines of cardiac specific mTOR transgenic mice, kinase-dead (kd) mTOR and constitutively active (ca) mTOR, using alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. alpha-Myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC)-mTORkd mice had a near complete inhibition of p70 S6k and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, whereas alphaMHC-mTORca had a significant increase in p70 S6k and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Although the cardiac function of alphaMHC-mTORkd mice was significantly altered, the cardiac morphology of these transgenic mice was normal. The cardiac hypertrophic growth in response to physiological and pathological stimuli was not different in alphaMHC-mTORkd and alphaMHC-mTORca transgenic mice when compared with that of nontransgenic littermates. These findings suggest that the mTOR-mediated signaling pathway is not essential to cardiac hypertrophic growth but is involved in regulating cardiac function. Additional analysis of cardiac responses to fasting-refeeding or acute insulin administration indicated that alphaMHC-mTORkd mice had a largely impaired physiological response to nutrient energy supply and insulin stimulation.     

Amelioration of β^654-thalassemia in mouse model with the knockdown of aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA

Large amounts of aberrantly spliced mRNA from the β654 allele was present in erythroid cells, which might impair the erythropoiesis.A therapeutic strategy for β-thalassemia was explored by knocking down the aberrantly spliced mRNA of β-globin. Lentiviral vector with siRNA fragment targets on the specific portion of β654-globin aberrantly spliced pre-mRNA was constructed. In HeLa β654 cells, the siRNA vector could reduce approximately 60% of aberrantly spliced mRNA, which was assessed by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, a disease model of β654 thalassemia mice with lentiviral-mediated siRNA was produced by subzonal injection (named Hβi-Hbbth-4/Hbb+transgenic mice). Our results showed that the hemotological parameters were improved in Hβi-Hbbth-4/Hbb+ transgenic mice. This study provides a potential way for β654-thalassemia therapy by knocking down the aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA, whilst supporting that the aberrantly spliced β-globin mRNA may aggravate the disease.     

乙肝病毒表面抗原preS1与人肿瘤坏死因子α融合基因的表达

用ＰＣＲ法获得了ＨＢｓＡｇｐｒｅＳ１（１－６５）肽段基因,将该基因融合在肿瘤坏死因子（ｈＴＮＦα）之后,插入表达载体ＰＳＢ－９２中,使融合基因的５′端直接置于大肠肝菌ＰＬ启动子下游,采用３０℃培养,４２℃诱导,获得了ＴＮＦ与ｐｒｅＳ１（１－６５）融合蛋白的表达产物。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳显示表达产物为２５ｋＤ,约占细菌总蛋白的３５％。表达产物经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ验证,能分别特异地与ｈＴＮＦα抗体与ｐｒｅＳ１抗体结合,稀释复性后,该融合蛋白还具有ＴＮＦ的生理功能（对Ｌ９２９细胞的细胞毒活性）。经ＤＮＡ序列测定,ｐｒｅＳ１（１－６５）肽基因正确地融合在ｈＴＮＦα基因之后。该结果提供了一种制备ｐｒｅＳ１的新方法,为进一步开展治疗肝癌和乙肝的导向药物打下基础。