湖北省泽泻科、水鳖科、眼子菜科及茨藻科植物花粉形态研究

本文利用光镜及扫描电镜对湖北省泽泻科、水鳖科、眼子菜科及茨藻科11属29种1变种1变型植物(另加采于湛江的软骨草)的花粉形态进行了研究,发现泽泻科植物花粉具多个圆形萌发孔,外壁表面为小刺状纹饰;茨藻科植物花粉具远极单槽,表面为绉波状纹饰;眼子菜科及本文研究的水鳖科植物花粉均无萌发孔,分别具网状和小刺状饰纹饰。1.茨藻科植物花粉最原始,泽泻科花粉较进化,眼子菜科花粉较水鳖科花粉进化;2.泽泻属与泽苔草属花粉较慈姑属花粉原始;3.鞘叶眼子菜亚屈花粉较眼子菜亚属的花粉处于更高演化阶段;4.多孔茨藻花粉在该科中最原始。本文工作尚对易变形水生植物花粉形态研究方法进行了尝试。     

氧合血红蛋白Fe-O2键合态 ab initio 研究

本文报道用自旋非限制Hartree-Fock方法(spin unrestricted Hartree-Fock method简写UHF)对氧合血红蛋白的Fe-O₂键合态进行ab initio研究。结果表明Fe^(Ⅱ)、Oc和Or的Mulliken布居值分别为24.18、8.19和7.64。这说明氧合血红蛋白的Fe-O₂键合态不发生电子转移。研究模型所得到的频率与实验频率基本一致。研究结果不支持Weiss提出的Fe³⁺O₂^-模型,为解释血红蛋白传输氧的作用机理提供了新的理论依据。     

江苏菜豆同工凝集素的分离纯化及性质研究

江苏菜豆经酸水(PH2.0)抽提,硫酸铵分级沉淀,分离植物血球凝集素(PHA-P),分子量为128000的糖蛋白,活性回收率在80％以上,PHA-P经SP-sephadexc-50离子交换层析,分成L_4,L_3E_1,L_2E_2,L_1E_3,和E_4同工凝集素。 L_4和E_4等电点为5.4和6.5。亚基分子量分别是31000和33000,并有类似的氨基酸组成。PAGE分析为单一蛋白带。红细胞凝集活性随电泳迁移速度的加快而增强,促淋性细胞分裂活性则减弱。E_4血凝活性受CalNAc,EDTA抑制和Zn~(++)的促进。     

不同叶色水稻叶绿体密度及基粒结构的计算机图象分析

水稻叶绿体计算机图象分析表明,随着叶片色级的提高,叶绿体表面积密度、体积密度以及两者的比值都相应增加。深色稻叶基粒堆直径与高度、类囊体垛叠数与类囊体厚度、叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量、气孔导度与净光合率均大于浅色叶片。深色叶片基粒堆密集,有些基粒类囊体出现沿叶绿体长轴方向排列整齐现象;浅色叶片基粒堆稀疏,其中较大的基粒类囊体与长轴呈倾斜排列。     

中国盘霜霉属在菊科植物上的分类单元

本文讨论了菊科植物上盘霜霉属Bremia的分类问题。根据专性寄生菌种的划分,在以形态特征为基础的同时,结合考虑寄生专化性或寄主范围的观点,我们提出菊科植物上Bremia的种的寄主限制在菊科“族”的范围内。对中国的菊科植物上Bremia属的已知种及变种列出了检索表,还报告了一个新种及一新组合,它们是兔苣盘霜霉(B.lagoseridis sp.nov.),寄生于兔苣(Lagoseris sanctae),和蓟盘霜霉(B.cirsii comb.nov.),寄生于蓟属(Cirsium spp.),标本保存于四川农业大学真菌实验室及中国科学院微生物所标本室。     

Circular RNA AFF4 modulates osteogenic differentiation in BM-MSCs by activating SMAD1/5 pathway through miR-135a-5p/FNDC5/Irisin axis

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), the common progenitor cells of adipocytes and osteoblasts, have been recognized as the key mediator during bone formation. Herein, our study aim to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying circular RNA (circRNA) AFF4 (circ_AFF4)-regulated BM-MSCs osteogenesis. BM-MSCs were characterized by FACS, ARS, and ALP staining. Expression patterns of circ_AFF4, miR-135a-5p, FNDC5/Irisin, SMAD1/5, and osteogenesis markers, including ALP, BMP4, RUNX2, Spp1, and Colla1 were detected by qRT-PCR, western blot, or immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Interactions between circ_AFF4 and miR-135a-5p, FNDC5, and miR-135a-5p were analyzed using web tools including TargetScan, miRanda, and miRDB, and further confirmed by luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down. Complex formation between Irisin and Integrin αV was verified by Co-immunoprecipitation. To further verify the functional role of circ_AFF4 in vivo during bone formation, we conducted animal experiments harboring circ_AFF4 knockdown, and born samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining. Circ_AFF4 was upregulated upon osteogenic differentiation induction in BM-MSCs, and miR-135a-5p expression declined as differentiation proceeds. Circ_AFF4 knockdown significantly inhibited osteogenesis potential in BM-MSCs. Circ_AFF4 stimulated FNDC5/Irisin expression through complementary binding to its downstream target molecule miR-135a-5p. Irisin formed an intermolecular complex with Integrin αV and activated the SMAD1/5 pathway during osteogenic differentiation. Our work revealed that circ_AFF4, acting as a sponge of miR-135a-5p, triggers the promotion of FNDC5/Irisin via activating the SMAD1/5 pathway to induce osteogenic differentiation in BM-MSCs. These findings gained a deeper insight into the circRNA-miRNA regulatory system in the bone marrow microenvironment and may improve our understanding of bone formation-related diseases at physiological and pathological levels.Subject terms: Stem cells, Diseases     

Different Glycosylation in Acetylcholinesterases from Mammalian Brain and Erythrocytes

Acetylcholinesterases (EC 3.1.1.7, AChE) have varying amounts of carbohydrates attached to the core protein. Sequence analysis of the known primary structures gives evidence for several asparagine-linked carbohydrates. From the differences in molecular mass determined on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel before and after deglycosylation with N-glycosidase F (EC 3.2.2.18), it is seen that dimeric AChE from red cell membranes is more heavily glycosylated than the tetrameric brain enzyme. Furthermore, dimeric and tetrameric forms of bovine AChE are more heavily glycosylated than the corresponding human enzymes. Monoclonal antibodies 2E6, 1H11, and 2G8 raised against detergent-soluble AChE from electric organs of Torpedo nacline timilei as well as Elec-39 raised against AChE from Electrophorus electricus cross-reacted with AChE from bovine and human brain but not with AChE from erythrocytes. Treatment of the enzyme with N-glycosidase F abolished binding of monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that the epitope, or part of it, consists of N-linked carbohydrates. Analysis of N-acetylglucosamine sugars revealed the presence of N-acetylglucosamine in all forms of cholinesterases investigated, giving evidence for N-linked glycosylation. On the other hand, N-acetylgalactosamine was not found in AChE from human and bovine brain or in butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) from human serum, indicating that these forms of cholinesterase did not contain O-linked carbohydrates. Despite the notion that within one species, the different forms of AChE arise from one gene by different splicing, our present results show that dimeric erythrocyte and tetrameric brain AChE must undergo different postsynthetic modifications leading to differences in their glycosylation patterns.