Relationships between Brucella ovis semen culture and various semen and serology parameters

Semen and blood samples from 154 rams from two Montana range flocks (Flock A, vaccinated for Brucella ovis ; Flock B, nonvaccinated) were evaluated to determine the relationship between Brucella ovis (B. ovis ) semen culture results and various semen and blood parameters. All rams utilized in this study exhibited no palpable ram epididymitis lesions. Thirteen and 25.6% of the rams tested in Flocks A and B, respectively, had positive B. ovis semen cultures. Only age of ram and ram condition scores differed (P<0.05) between flocks. No flock by semen culture interactions were detected (P>0.05) for any of the parameters evaluated. Age of ram, ram condition score, and spermatozoa rate from forward movement were unrelated (P>0.05) to B. ovis culture results. Rams with positive B. ovis semen cultures had lower sperm motility (P<0.05), higher percentage of abnormal spermatozoa cells (P<0.05), higher percentage of spermatozoa head abnormalities (P<0.01), lower percentage of live-normal cells (P<0.05), higher incidence of white blood cells in semen (P<0.01) and higher complement fixation (CF) titers (P<0.01).     

南斯拉夫的洞穴生物学

洞穴生物生活在地下。地下栖息场所最主要的特点是永远处于黑暗中,无自养生物,食物的种类和数量非常贫乏。当然,栖息地的大小以及其他非生物特征各有不同。来自地表食物极少的碎石间的空隙,也属于地下栖息地。但最主要的是喀斯特洞穴,尤其是在石灰岩地区形成的洞穴。溶岩流中的溶岩隧道是一类特殊     

Mobilization and utilization of cyanogenic glycosides: the linustatin pathway

In the seeds of Hevea brasiliensis, the cyanogenic monoglucoside linamarin (2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-2-methylpropionitrile) is accumulated in the endosperm. After onset of germination, the cyanogenic diglucoside linustatin (2-[6-β-d-glucosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy]-2- methylpropionitrile) is formed and exuded from the endosperm of Hevea seedlings. At the same time the content of cyanogenic monoglucosides decreases. The linustatin-splitting diglucosidase and the β-cyanoalanine synthase that assimilates HCN, exhibit their highest activities in the young seedling at this time. Based on these observations the following pathway for the in vivo mobilization and metabolism of cyanogenic glucosides is proposed: storage of monoglucosides (in the endosperm)—glucosylation—transport of the diglucoside (out of the endosperm into the seedling)—cleavage by diglucosidase—reassimilation of HCN to noncyanogenic compounds. The presence of this pathway demonstrates that cyanogenic glucosides, typical secondary plant products serve in the metabolism of developing plants as N-storage compounds and do not exclusively exhibit protective functions due to their repellent effect.     

DNA Methylation Occurred around Lowly Expressed Genes of Plastid DNA during Tomato Fruit Development

We have analyzed DNA methylation of plastid DNA from fully ripened red fruits, green mature fruits, and green leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Firstmore). Essentially identical restriction profiles were obtained between chromoplast and chloroplast DNAs by EcoRI digestion. BstNI/EcoRII and HpaII/MspI are pairs of isoschizomers that can discriminate between methylated and unmethylated DNAs. These endonucleases produced different restriction patterns of plastid DNAs from tomato fruits compared to tomato leaves. Moreover, we have found from Southern blots that methylation was not detected in DNA fragments containing certain genes that are actively expressed in chromoplasts, whereas DNA fragments bearing genes that are barely transcribed in chromoplasts are methylated.     

The flea ovary: ultrastructure and analysis of cell clusters

Panoistic ovarioles are found in the order of fleas (Siphonaptera). Only in some species of the Hystrichopsylloidea do polytrophic meroistic ovaries occur. No stem cells and no dividing cystocytes are found in female imagines of Hystrichopsylla talpae. However, each germ cell cluster consists of 32 cells which are generated by five mitotic cycles during the pupal stage. One of the cells containing five intercellular bridges becomes the oocyte, the others serve as nurse cells. Thus, germ cell cluster formation follows the 2(n)-rule. However, no polyfusome is found and nurse cells do not form a rosette. Furthermore, nurse cells remain small and show the same ultrastructural characters as the oocytes, which became distinguishable from nurse cells only by their enhanced growth during pre-vitellogenesis. The first phase of pre-vitellogenesis is dominated by the production of an unknown cytoplasmatic component, consisting of spherical particles, clearly distinguishable from ribosomes by diameter and contrast. The next phase is characterized by a tremendous increase in the production of ribosomes. During this second phase another cytoplasmic component consisting of ball-like structures becomes prominent. During pre-vitellogenesis, germ cell nuclei undergo a pronounced structural change in which, finally, numerous extranucleolar particles predominate. Thus, H. talpae has a polytrophic meroistic ovary, but its oocyte genomes behave panoistically.     

菜豆属次级联会的细胞学和统计学分析

在花粉母细胞减数第一分裂时期,对多花菜豆（Phaseolus coccineus L.)4个品种,菜豆（P.vulgaris L.)5个品种和菜豆变种[P.vulgaris var,baorigineus(Burk.)baudet]的一个收集样品的二价体次级联会（次级配对）进行了细胞学检查,同时也提供了一种评价观测到的联会程度和预期的随机联会程度之间的偏差统计学方法,发现次级配对的程序是高度显著的,对透射电子显微技术加以改进,并使之能够观察压片完整的花粉母细胞,显示出在次级联会的双价体之间发生有形的联结。     

Subculture of rabbit articular chondrocytes within a collagen gel: growth and analysis of differentiation

Primary cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes have been subcultured within three-dimensional (3D) collagen gels. Under these conditions, the cells remained viable and divided, but with a lower proliferation rate than that observed in control monolayer cultures. Flow cytometric analysis of progression of the cells into the cell cycle has confirmed and extended these findings. Also the cellular volume was decreased in 3D-culture, being in the same range as thein vivo size of cartilage cells. Specific staining for proteoglycans and type II collagen immunolocalization on sections of gels showed the expression of differentiated phenotypes and revealed the accumulation of these matrix components in the immediate surroundings of the cells. The use of Ultroser G (a serum substitute) improved the conditions for 3D- culture of rabbit articular chondrocytes.     

Selling research, and it pays

While conceding that time has proven him wrong in doubting public acceptance of the idea of the "science shops," first sponsored by the Free University of Amsterdam to provide access to technical expertise for customers who could not afford more orthodox services, the author remains convinced that the somewhat analogous concept of "fee for service research," which offers experimental medical treatments for those who can afford to pay for them, is wrong. Such research has been justified as a private sector enterprise that provides patients who are unresponsive to standard forms of therapy with scientifically sound experimental options. However, the objections that such work might be kept secret and not contribute to medical knowledge, and that therapy would be available only to the rich, remain unanswered and pose an insurmountable obstacle to the support of this idea.     

钠离子在念珠菌素修饰的双层脂膜中的运送

本文研究了念珠菌素所修饰的双层脂膜的离子渗透性、离子选择性和pH—膜电流的关系。发现该膜在一定的钠离子浓度范围内,可以作为Na⁺离子传感器,当膜两侧溶液存在着质子梯度时,念珠菌素起着一个钠离子载体的作用。     

克什米尔Leptomias属象甲两新种

本文记述Leptomias属象甲两新种。 Leptomias indicus新种 与pilosus接近,与pilosus的区别是柄节较短,索节第1、2两节长度相等。 Leptomias lineostriatus新种 本新种与aphelocnemius极相近,不同点为前胸背板无中线纹,小盾片不明显,及鞘翅基部边缘无脊。