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31.
An increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) and mitochondrially produced 3-hydroxy (3-OH) oxylipins was experienced in asci of the nonfermentative yeasts Galactomyces reessii and Lipomyces starkeyi and the fermentative yeasts Pichia farinosa and Schizosaccharomyces octosporus. Strikingly, asci of Zygosaccharomyces bailii showed no increase in mitochondrial activity (DeltaPsim and oxylipin production). As expected, oxygen deprivation only inhibited ascus formation in those yeasts with increased ascus mitochondrial activity. We conclude that ascus formation in yeasts is not always dependent on mitochondrial activity. In this case, fermentation may provide enough energy for ascus formation in Z. bailii. 相似文献
32.
Sebolai OM Pohl CH Botes PJ van Wyk PW Mzizi R Swart CW Kock JL 《Canadian journal of microbiology》2008,54(2):111-118
Using a well tested antibody specific for 3-hydroxy oxylipins, we mapped the presence of these oxylipins in selected Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) species. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies revealed that these compounds are deposited on cell wall surfaces, appendages, and collarettes. In vitro studies revealed that growth of Cryptococcus species was inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid (which is known to inhibit mitochondrial function, including the production of 3-hydroxy oxylipins) at concentrations as low as 1 mmol/L. The results suggest that acetylsalicylic acid is effective in controlling the growth of tested pathogens, probably by targeting their mitochondria. This study further expands the known function of this anti-inflammatory drug as anti-fungal agent. 相似文献
33.
An ultra performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-APCI-MS) method was developed for the separation and quantification of adrenal steroid metabolites from heterologous expression media. Steroids were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction, separated on a Waters UPLC BEH C18 column, ionized by APCI, and detected using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in APCI positive mode with single ion monitoring. The incorporation of UPLC enabled the detection of seven structurally closely related steroids at between 5 and 40 ng/ml using run times of 11 min. The adrenal steroidogenic enzyme cytochrome P450 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris and in nonsteroidogenic COS-1 cells, and used as a model system to evaluate the detection and quantification of adrenal steroid metabolites by UPLC-APCI-MS. 相似文献
34.
Rudi C. Swart Michael J. Samways James S. Pryke Francois Roets 《Ecological Entomology》2020,45(2):333-344
1. The present study tested the hypothesis that tree context (natural, semi-natural or planted) and contrast (height of surrounding vegetation) affect tree physiological characters (leaf size, nutrient content, and stress-related factors), and also alter the arthropod biodiversity patterns either directly or indirectly. 2. Arthropods were collected from tree canopies using chemical fogging from the ecologically important South African native tree Podocarpus elongatus. 3. Low contrast trees had significantly larger leaves than those in high contrast environments and harboured an overall higher richness, abundance, and biomass of arthropods, although this was guild-dependent. 4. Trees in natural contexts had less foliar δ13C, suffered less from artificial nitrogen enrichment, and harboured significantly higher herbivore and predator arthropod richness and unique assemblages, compared with planted trees. 5. Semi-natural trees supported natural levels of arthropod richness, although these were mostly generalist species. 6. Tree context and contrast can therefore dictate associated biota at multiple trophic levels and native trees may fail to maintain natural biodiversity in transformed landscapes. 相似文献
35.
The effect of temperature on the individual stages of the hydrolysis of non-specific-p-nitrophenol esters by alpha-chymotrypsin. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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Precise studies were performed on the effect of temperature on the rate and equilibrium parameters characterizing the individual stages of the alpha-chymotrypsin-catalysed hydrolysis of non-specific p-nitrophenol esters at pH 7.40 and 8.50. At both pH values the results indicate that a sharp kinetic anomaly is observed in Arrhenius plots of these parameters for the binding and acylation stages of the process, but not for the deacylation stage. Detailed comparison with other kinetic studies was made, and a comparison with thermal transitions observed in alpha-chymotrypsin by using physical techniques was attempted. A detailed discussion of possible causes of the anomalies is given. 相似文献
36.
This study evaluates how a modelling approach to determine areas of suitable habitat for the Critically Endangered Albany cycad Encephalartos latifrons can assist in systematic conservation planning for this and other rare and threatened cycads. A map distinguishing suitable from unsuitable habitat for E. latifrons was produced and important environmental predictors (climate, geology, topography and vegetation) influencing the suitable habitat were estimated. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modelling technique was chosen for this study as it has consistently performed well compared with alternative modelling methods and is also an appropriate model choice when the sample size is small and locality records are relatively few. Predicted habitat suitability showed that some locations chosen for translocation and restoration of E. latifrons specimens are not suitable. This revealed that modelling suitable habitat can guide relocation and regeneration of E. latifrons and perhaps other threatened cycads with restricted distributions and few locality records. The species distribution model constructed for E. latifrons is the first reported habitat model for a Critically Endangered cycad in South Africa. The results may be incorporated into conservation planning and structured decision-making about translocations and restoration programmes involving vulnerable cycads, which are among the most threatened organisms globally. 相似文献
37.
The complete amino acid sequence of wool protein SCMKB-IIIB3 was determined. The peptides used for the sequence work were obtained by peptic and thermolysin digestions and were fractionated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, paper chromatography and electrophoresis. The peptides were analysed by dansyl-Edman degradation, mass spectrometry and tritium-labelling of C-terminal residues. The protein consists of 98 residues and has acetylalanine as N-terminal residue and carboxymethylcysteine as C-terminus. It is homologous with protein SCMKB-IIIB2 (Haylett & Swart, 1969). A salient feature of the sequence of protein SCMKB-IIIB3 is three consecutive cysteine residues. 相似文献
38.
39.
Charge modification of plasma and milk proteins results in antiviral active compounds. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
P J Swart M C Harmsen M E Kuipers A A Van Dijk B W Van Der Strate P H Van Berkel J H Nuijens C Smit M Witvrouw E De Clercq M P de Béthune R Pauwels D K Meijer 《Journal of peptide science》1999,5(12):563-576
Previous studies have shown that acylated plasma and milk proteins with increased negative charge, derived from various animal and human sources, are potent anti-HIV compounds. The antiviral effects seemed to correlate positively with the number of negative charges introduced into the various polypeptides: proteins with a high content of basic amino acids in which all of the available epsilonNH2 groups were anionized yielded the most potent anti-HIV compounds. It remained unclear however whether the total net negative charge of the various derivatized proteins, or rather the charge density on the protein backbone, is essential for the observed anti-HIV activity. Earlier studies have shown that acylated albumins preferentially block the process of HIV/cell fusion through binding to the HIV envelope proteins gp120 and gp41 as well as to the cell surface of the HIV target cells. Some of these polyanionic proteins have been shown to interfere also with the gp120-CD4 mediated virus/cell binding. The relative contribution of these effects to the anti-HIV activity may depend both on the total negative charge introduced as well as the hydrophobicity of the acylating reagent added to the particular proteins. In this study we show that the higher the charge density of the derivatized proteins, the more potent their HIV replication inhibiting effects are. In contrast, the addition of positive charge to the studied plasma and milk proteins through amination resulted in a reduced anti-HIV activity but a clearly increased anti-HCMV activity, with IC50 values in the low micromolar concentration range. Interestingly, native lactoferrin (Lf) was antivirally active against both HIV and HCMV. Acylation or amination of Lf increased the anti-HIV and anti-HCMV activity, respectively. The N-terminal portion of Lf appeared essential for its anti-HCMV effect: N-terminal deletion variants of human Lf were less active against HCMV. Circular dichroism of the modified proteins showed that the secondary structure of the tested proteins was only moderately influenced by acylation and/or covalent attachment of drugs, making these (derivatized) proteins useful candidates as antiviral agents and/or intrinsically active drug carriers. The relatively simple chemical derivatization as well as the abundant sources of blood plasma and milk proteins provides attractive opportunities for the preparation of potent and relatively cheap antiviral agents for systemic or local applications. 相似文献
40.
Simon Turner Danielle D’Lima Emma Hudson Stephen Morris Jessica Sheringham Nick Swart Naomi J. Fulop 《Implementation science : IS》2017,12(1):145