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21.
S Krishnamurthi V V Kakkar 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1988,156(3):1257-1264
Previous work has demonstrated that pre-treatment of platelets with phorbol esters that activate protein kinase C eg phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) results in an inhibition of inositol phospholipid breakdown and granule secretion induced by physiological agonists such as thrombin and collagen. In the present study, the effect of pre-treatment with PMA on granule secretion and [32P]-phosphatidate (PA) formation induced by the stable GTP analogue, guanosine 5'-[gamma thio] triphosphate (GTP gamma S) was examined in saponin-permeabilized platelets. A low concentration of PMA ie 1.6nM, that did not induce significant 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) secretion on its own, but inhibited low-dose thrombin-induced 5HT secretion totally and PA formation by 30-40% in intact as well as permeabilised platelets was chosen. Our results demonstrate a lack of inhibition of GTP gamma S (40 microM)-induced 5HT secretion by PMA in permeabilised platelets, despite significant inhibition (70%) of PA formation, suggesting that apart from the diacylglycerol pathway of secretion which may be common to thrombin and GTP analogues, secretion induced by physiological agonists such as thrombin may involve another mechanism that is inhibitable by phorbol esters. 相似文献
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Properties of a transplantable rat histiocytoma which behaves like a macrophage-like cell, have been described. The AK-5 grows as ascites as well as solid subcutaneous tumor. The ascites from one animal can give between 10(8) and 10(9) cells whereas the subcutaneous tumor grows between 20 and 40 cm3 size. These cells possess various degradative enzymes, macrophage markers and glucocorticoid receptors. Beside histopathology the surface topography and ultrastructure of these cells are described. 相似文献
24.
The effect of 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG) on the thrombin-induced rise in intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and 5-hydroxy[14C]tryptamine ([14C]5HT) secretion was studied. In washed human platelets prelabelled with [14C]5HT and quin 2, OAG (10-50 micrograms/ml) induced no significant aggregation, [14C]5HT secretion or rise in [Ca2+]i in the presence or absence of fibrinogen. However, addition of OAG (10-50 micrograms/ml) 10 s to 5 min before or 10-60 s after addition of threshold concentrations of thrombin (less than 0.03 U/ml) resulted in a significant potentiation of aggregation and [14C]5HT secretion without any effect on the thrombin-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Both EGTA, which abolished the latter and creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase, the ADP scavenger, totally inhibited the aggregation but only partially reduced [14C]5HT secretion in response to thrombin plus OAG. At higher concentrations of thrombin, neither the rise in [Ca2+]i nor the extent of [14C]5HT secretion was significantly altered by OAG addition. The results demonstrate that, unlike phorbol esters, OAG has no inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced [Ca2+]i mobilisation but can synergize with low concentrations of thrombin in potentiating [14C]5HT secretion even at basal [Ca2+]i. 相似文献
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26.
Maan NS Maan S Guimera M Pullinger G Singh KP Nomikou K Belaganahalli MN Mertens PP 《Journal of virology》2012,86(9):5404-5405
Bluetongue virus serotype 2 (IND2003/02) was isolated in Tiruneveli City, Tamil Nadu State, India, and is stored in the Orbivirus Reference Collection at the Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, United Kingdom. The entire genome of this isolate was sequenced, showing that it is composed of a total of 19,203 bp (all 10 genome segments). This is the first report of the entire genome sequence of a western strain of BTV-2 isolated in India, indicating that this virus has been introduced and is circulating in the region. These data will aid in the development of diagnostics and molecular epidemiology studies of BTV-2 in the subcontinent. 相似文献
27.
Maan S Maan NS Pullinger G Nomikou K Morecroft E Guimera M Belaganahalli MN Mertens PP 《Journal of virology》2012,86(10):5971-5972
Bluetongue virus is the type species of the genus Orbivirus in the family Reoviridae. We report the first complete genome sequence of an isolate (IND2004/01) of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (BTV-10) from Andhra Pradesh, India. This isolate, which is stored in the Orbivirus Reference Collection (ORC) at IAH Pirbright, shows >99% nucleotide identity in all 10 genome segments with a vaccine strain of BTV-10 from the United States. 相似文献
28.
Maan S Maan NS Guimera M Nomikou K Singh KP Pullinger G Belaganahalli MN Mertens PP 《Journal of virology》2012,86(12):7011-7012
The full genome sequence (19,177 bp) of an Indian strain (IND1988/02) of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 23 was determined. This virus was isolated from a sheep that had been killed during a severe bluetongue outbreak that occurred in Rahuri, Maharashtra State, western India, in 1988. Phylogenetic analyses of these data demonstrate that most of the genome segments from IND1988/02 belong to the major "eastern" BTV topotype. However, genome segment 5 belongs to the major "western" BTV topotype, demonstrating that IND1988/02 is a reassortant. This may help to explain the increased virulence that was seen during this outbreak in 1988. Genome segment 5 of IND1988/02 shows >99% sequence identity with some other BTV isolates from India (e.g., BTV-3 IND2003/08), providing further evidence of the existence and circulation of reassortant strains on the subcontinent. 相似文献
29.
Chan YK Davis PF Poppitt SD Sun X Greenhill NS Krishnamurthi R Przepiorski A McGill AT Krissansen GW 《Laboratory animals》2012,46(2):142-147
Blood is collected during animal experimentation to measure haematological and metabolic parameters. It cannot be assumed that circulating blood has the same composition irrespective of its location, and indeed, differences in the composition of blood sampled from the arterial and venous compartments have been reported. Here we investigated whether blood collected by cardiac puncture (CP) versus that collected following removal of the distal 1 mm of the tail tip (TT) differs with respect to glucose and lipid profiles in male C57BL/6J mice at 4, 7, 20 and 28 weeks of age. Blood was first collected from the TT of unanaesthetized mice, which were then immediately anaesthetized using ketamine/xylazine, and a second blood sample was collected by CP. The CP glucose concentration was significantly higher than TT glucose by a positive bias averaging +80% (P < 0.01), irrespective of the age of the mice. Conversely, the concentrations of the CP lipids, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride were lower than TT lipids by a negative bias averaging -25% (P < 0.05). These observations highlight the difficulty in measuring and comparing metabolic parameters such as glucose and lipid between one blood compartment and another. They illustrate the need to standardize sampling sites, especially when repeated blood sampling is required. 相似文献
30.
Maharjan S Aryal N Bhattarai S Koju D Lamichhane J Sohng JK 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2012,93(2):687-696
A number of structurally diverse natural products harboring pyrrole moieties possess a wide range of biological activities.
Studies on biosynthesis of pyrrole ring have shown that pyrrole moieties are derived from l-proline. Nargenicin A1, a saturated alicyclic polyketide from Nocardia sp. CS682, is a pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester of nodusmicin. We cloned and identified a set of four genes from Nocardia sp. CS682 that show sequence similarity to the respective genes involved in the biosynthesis of the pyrrole moieties of pyoluteorin
in Pseudomonas fluorescens, clorobiocin in Streptomyces roseochromogenes subsp. Oscitans, coumermycin A1 in Streptomyces rishiriensis, one of the pyrrole rings of undecylprodigiosin in Streptomyces coelicolor, and leupyrrins in Sorangium cellulosum. These genes were designated as ngnN4, ngnN5, ngnN3, and ngnN2. In this study, we presented the evidences that the pyrrole moiety of nargenicin A1 was also derived from l-proline by the coordinated action of three proteins, NgnN4 (proline adenyltransferase), NgnN5 (proline carrier protein),
and NgnN3 (flavine-dependent acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenases). Biosynthesis of pyrrole moiety in nargenicin A1 is initiated by NgnN4 that catalyzes ATP-dependent activation of l-proline into l-prolyl-AMP, and the latter is transferred to NgnN5 to create prolyl-S-peptidyl carrier protein (PCP). Later, NgnN3 catalyzes the two-step oxidation of prolyl-S-PCP into pyrrole-2-carboxylate. Thus, this study presents another example of a pyrrole moiety biosynthetic pathway that uses
a set of three genes to convert l-proline into pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid moiety. 相似文献