复合感染建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒的兰花超微结构观察及病原物快速鉴定

通过负染和超薄切片观察到蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis amabilis)病叶中线状和杆状病毒颗粒。组织切片观察,同时发现两种病毒粒子的典型聚集体:线状粒子的带状聚集体,粒子多层排列,层间呈一定角度或螺旋相叠;杆状粒子的平行、角层状或螺旋型排列聚集体。二种病毒聚集体均出现于薄壁细胞、细胞间隙和输导组织细胞中。感病细胞中叶绿体发育不全;线粒体增生、肿胀甚至空化;细胞核膨大、空化。进一步的多重RT-PCR与病毒核酸序列分析,同时扩增到建兰花叶病毒(CymMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)的外壳蛋白基因,与GenBank已知分离物同源性分别达到98%和99%-100%。从细胞和分子层面揭示了蝴蝶兰受CymMV和ORSV复合侵染并可能导致严重病症的事实,分析和明确了感病兰细胞超微结构的病变特征以及田间病症发生的细胞病理学依据。     

The effectiveness of anti-inflammatory and anti-seizure medication for individuals with single enhancing lesion neurocysticercosis: A meta-analysis and expert group-based consensus recommendations

Single brain enhancing lesions (SEL) are the most common presentation of neurocysticercosis (NCC) observed on neuroimaging in people presenting with epileptic seizures not only on the Indian sub-continent and in travelers returning from cysticercosis-endemic regions, but are also present in other parts of the world.The aim of this study, which consisted of a systematic review (CRD42019087665), a meta-analysis and an expert group consultation, was to reach consensus on the best anti-seizure medication and anti-inflammatory treatment for individuals with SEL NCC.Standard literature review methods were used. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used and random effects model meta-analyses were performed. The quality of the body of evidence was rated using GRADE tables. The expert committee included 12 gender and geographically balanced members and recommendations were reached by applying the GRADE framework for guideline development.The 1–1.5-year cumulative incidence of seizure recurrence, cyst resolution or calcification following anti-seizure medication (ASM) withdrawal was not statistically different between ASM of 6, 12 or 24 months. In contrast, in persons whose cyst calcified post treatment, longer ASM decreased seizure recurrence. The cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) 1–1.5 years after stopping ASM was 1.79 95% CI: (1.00, 3.20) for patients given 6 versus 24 months treatment.Anti-inflammatory treatment with corticosteroids in patients treated with ASM compared to patients treated with ASM only showed a statistically significant beneficial effect on seizure reduction (CIR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23, 0.85) and cyst resolution (CIR 1.37, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.75).Our results indicate that ASM in patients with SEL NCC whose cysts resolved can be withdrawn, while patients whose cysts calcified seem to benefit from prolonged anti-seizure medication. Additional corticosteroid treatment was found to have a beneficial effect both on seizure reduction and cyst resolution.     

Graphene-MoS2 Hybrid Structure Enhanced Fiber Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Plasmonics - In this paper, a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor based on graphene-MoS2 hybrid structure is presented. The wavelength interrogation method is employed to analyze the...     

Degradation Mechanism and Enhancing Strategies of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Carbon-Based Metal Free Catalysts in Acidic Solution

Carbon-based metal free catalysts (CMFCs) are far away from commercial availability mainly attributed to their poor oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in acidic environment with the causes remaining obscure. By investigating the heteroatoms (N, B, P, S, Se, and Te)-doped reduced graphene oxides, the degradation mechanism of acidic ORR performance of CMFCs is found to be correlated with the oxygen-baring defects in the carbon sp² lattice, which exhibit overpotentials as low as 0.44 V but weak trapping capabilities for oxygen molecules. These findings not only revise the previously reported strategy of modeling the active sites in the basal plane of CMFCs but also highlight the connections between those active sites and the triple-coordinated VIA group elements (XC₃). Further calculations demonstrate that the XC₃ dimer can efficiently enhance the acidic ORR performance and the 2D trigonal carbon-chalcogenides C₆X (X = S, Se, and Te) are accordingly designed toward acidic ORR, which contain homogeneously distributed basal plane active sites and exhibit low overpotentials but strong trapping capabilities for oxygen molecules. This work will help to cease the debates on the active sites in CMFCs for ORR in both acidic and alkaline solutions and to open a new avenue to design CMFCs independent on doping strategy.     

The HIV core protein p24 inhibits interferon-gamma-induced increase of HLA-DR and cytochrome b heavy chain mRNA levels in the human monocyte-like cell line THP1

Cells from the human monocytic cell-line THP1 were incubated prior to activation with IFN-gamma or LPS with varying amounts of p24, the main product of the HIV gag gene and the major component of the virus core. The IFN-gamma-dependent increase of mRNA for HLA-DR and for the heavy chain of cytochrome b was markedly decreased by p24 but not by gp120. This effect was abrogated by anti-p24 antibodies. On the other hand, preincubation of THP1 cells with p24 did not affect the accumulation of the LPS-dependent mRNA for TNF alpha and IL1-beta. These results indicate that p24 at concentrations similar to those found in the serum of HIV-infected individuals specifically affects IFN-gamma-induced activation markers.