趋磁细菌及磁小体在肿瘤治疗中的应用

提高抗肿瘤药物的靶向性是肿瘤治疗、降低药物副作用的重要手段。在肿瘤组织内部由于癌细胞的快速增殖致使其形成低氧区,低氧区会对多种肿瘤治疗方案产生耐受。趋磁细菌 (Magnetotactic bacteria, MTB) 是一类能在细胞内产生外包生物膜、纳米尺寸、单磁畴磁铁矿 (Fe3O4) 或硫铁矿 (Fe3S4) 晶体颗粒-磁小体的微生物的统称。在磁场的作用下,趋磁细菌可凭借鞭毛运动至厌氧区。趋磁细菌在动物体内毒性较低且生物相容性良好,其磁小体与人工合成的磁性纳米材料相比优势显著。文中在介绍趋磁细菌及其磁小体生物学特点、理化性能的基础上,综述了趋磁细菌作为载体偶联药物进入肿瘤内部,并通过感受低氧信号定位于肿瘤低氧区,以及趋磁细菌竞争肿瘤细胞铁源的研究进展,总结了磁小体运载化疗药物、抗体、DNA疫苗靶向结合肿瘤的研究进展,分析了趋磁细菌及磁小体肿瘤治疗中面临的问题,并对趋磁细菌和磁小体在肿瘤治疗中的应用进行了展望。     

表达神经营养因子Neurturin的骨髓间充质干细胞的构建及体外活性检测

研究神经营养因子Neurturin(NTN)在由于神经元损伤而造成的神经退行性疾病中对神经元的保护和修复作用。利用重组腺病毒载体将NTN基因转入恒河猴骨髓间充质干细胞(rMSC),通过RT-PCR、IF及Western blot方法检测NTN的转录和表达,并采用鸡胚背根神经节体外培养实验和胚胎大鼠中脑多巴胺能神经元存活实验对NTN进行体外活性检测。结果表明NTN在rMSC中稳定表达和分泌,并具有体外生物学活性,为由于神经元损伤造成的神经退行性疾病的干细胞移植治疗奠定了一定的基础。     

淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-1在冻融PMN介导的VEC损伤中的作用

目的：探讨组织冻结融化造成血管内皮细胞（VEC）损伤的机理。方法：采用密度梯度离心法分离大鼠外周血嗜中性粒细胞（PMN）,速率冷冻仪冷冻PMN后水浴复温建立冻融PMN模型。冻融后4、12和24h,测定PMN表面淋巴细胞功能相关抗原－1（LFA－1）的表达;将冻融PMN与正常VEC共同孵育后测定培养液中乳酸脱氢酶活性及冻融PMN与VEC的粘附。结果：冻融后24h内,冻融PMN表面LFA－1的表面呈时间依赖性增强。（2）冻融PMN与VEC相互作用后,PMN－VEC粘附明显增强、VEC受到明显损伤。（3）抗LFA－1单克隆抗体明显抑制冻融PMN与VEC粘附的增强、明显减轻VEC损伤。结论：冻融可诱发PMN表面LFA－1的表达,进而增强PMN－VEC粘附而导致VEC损伤。     

Combination stem cell therapy using dental pulp stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells for critical hindlimb ischemia

Narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the limbs provokes critical hindlimb ischemia (CLI). Although CLI results in irreversible sequelae, such as amputation, few therapeutic options induce the formation of new functional blood vessels. Based on the proangiogenic potentials of stem cells, in this study, it was examined whether a combination of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) could result in enhanced therapeutic effects of stem cells for CLI compared with those of DPSCs or HUVECs alone. The DPSCs+ HUVECs combination therapy resulted in significantly higher blood flow and lower ischemia damage than DPSCs or HUVECs alone. The improved therapeutic effects in the DPSCs+ HUVECs group were accompanied by a significantly higher number of microvessels in the ischemic tissue than in the other groups. In vitro proliferation and tube formation assay showed that VEGF in the conditioned media of DPSCs induced proliferation and vessel-like tube formation of HUVECs. Altogether, our results demonstrated that the combination of DPSCs and HUVECs had significantly better therapeutic effects on CLI via VEGF-mediated crosstalk. This combinational strategy could be used to develop novel clinical protocols for CLI proangiogenic regenerative treatments.     

基于VPM模型的长白山自然保护区植被总初级生产力动态变化

总初级生产力(GPP)是碳循环的重要参数,它的准确估算对碳循环及全球气候变化研究有重要作用.利用VPM模型及2000—2015年MOD09A1数据/气候因子的空间数据,对长白山自然保护区的植被GPP进行模拟.结果表明: 2000—2015年,保护区GPP年均值为1203 g C·m^-2·a^-1,GPP呈极显著趋势增长.森林植被GPP年际增长变化在不同植被垂直带下没有显著区别,但从高山苔原带往上,GPP年际增长明显减小.GPP与降水的年际相关性不显著,与温度的正相关关系集中分布在阔叶红松林带和高山苔原带.春季气温对GPP影响最大,有80%像元显示与气温呈正相关.GPP与温度的年际相关性明显高于降水.     

Purification and properties of alkaline phosphatase of silkworm Bombyx mori

Alkaline phosphatase(AKP),from the succus entericus of silkworm,was purified using 10%-50% ammonium sulfate fractions,ion exchange chromatography Of DEAE-Sepharose,and size exclusion chromatography of Sephacryl S-200.The purification fold was 464 times and specified activity was 3936 U/mg.Optimum pH value of the phosphatase was 10.5,and was stable between pH 7.5 and 11.The optimum temperature of the phosphatase was 40℃ and it was unstable over 50℃.Km value of the phosphatase was 1.25 mmol/L.In a given condition,the phosphatase was selectively modified by PCMB,NBS,PMSE TNBS,SUAN,DTT,BrAc,and IAc,the results indicate that PMSF,SUA,BrAc,IAc,and TNBS could Obviously inhibit the activity of the phosphatase,and the degree of inhibition depended on the concentration of these reagents.There was little effect on the activity of phosphatase after treatment by PMSF,DTT,and NBT.We primarily conclude that mercapto and imidazole are essential for AKP from silkworm.Also,Lys residue and disulfide bands are necessary to protect the catalysis of the AKP.     

紫花苜蓿赤霉素受体基因的克隆及表达分析

赤霉素受体(GID)是赤霉素信号转导途径的重要成员,直接影响着赤霉素对植物体效应的发挥。该研究利用同源克隆的方法,首次从紫花苜蓿中克隆得到1个赤霉素受体基因,命名为MsGID1b。序列分析发现,MsGID1b基因开放阅读框长度为1 053bp,编码350个氨基酸,推测其蛋白质分子量为39.839kD,是一个无信号肽和跨膜结构的亲水性蛋白。序列比对结果表明,MsGID1b基因与蒺藜苜蓿MtGID1b基因的核苷酸序列相似性为98%,氨基酸序列相似性为99%,且具有HSL家族典型的HGG和GXSXG保守结构域及GA、DELLA蛋白结合位点。荧光定量PCR分析表明,MsGID1b基因在紫花苜蓿各组织中的表达丰度依次为:根盛花初花茎叶荚果;经GA3、ABA、NaCl、PEG和黑暗诱导后该基因表达上调,尤其是在GA3诱导下,MsGID1b基因的表达量一直维持在较高水平,表明MsGID1b基因可能参与紫花苜蓿的抗逆调控。     

Blockade of L-type voltage-gated Ca channel inhibits ischemia-induced neurogenesis by down-regulating iNOS expression in adult mouse

Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian hippocampus may contribute to repairing the brain after injury. The signals that regulate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus following ischemic stroke insult are not well known. We have previously reported that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is necessary for ischemia-stimulated neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Here, we show that mice subjected to 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) significantly increased the number of new neurons and up-regulated iNOS expression in the dentate gyrus. Blockade of the L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (L-VGCC) prevented neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ), and down-regulated iNOS expression in the dentate gyrus after cerebral ischemia. This study suggests that Ca(2+) influx through L-VGCC is involved in ischemia-induced neurogenesis by up-regulating iNOS expression.     

西双版纳人工雨林群落结构及其林下降雨侵蚀力特征

通过与本地典型的橡胶林和季节雨林进行对比,研究了在橡胶林基础上抚育、恢复而来的人工雨林群落结构及林下降雨侵蚀力特征.通过16a的抚育管理,人工雨林Shannon-Wiener多样性指数达到3.652,接近当地季节雨林的一般情况.对6a的降雨侵蚀力计算发现,人工雨林7月林内降雨侵蚀力达962.2 MJ mm hm-2 h-1 a-1,对旷地降雨侵蚀力的削减量是橡胶林的2.08倍.人工雨林初步重现了类似热带自然雨林的群落结构和叶面积指数特征,能够有效对削减降雨侵蚀力,这有利于林内水土保持和进一步的植被恢复.因此,人工雨林的抚育、恢复模式是热带退化山地地区植被恢复与重建的一条较为可行的途径.