Highly efficient regeneration and medicinal component determination of Phellodendron chinense Schneid

Phellodendron chinense Schneid is an important Chinese herb with berberine and phellodendrine in stems and leaves, but with little information available on in vitro culture of this species. Disinfection of explants in 75% alcohol for 45 s, sterilization in 0.1% HgCl₂ for 20 min, and submersion in 1.0 mol L⁻¹ gibberellin3 (GA₃) solution for 24 h was the optimal condition for seed germination. Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) in combination with 1.5 mg L⁻¹ 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) was optimal for callus induction. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L⁻¹ 6-BA was the appropriate medium for induction of adventitious shoots, and 1/2MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L⁻¹ indole-3-butytric acid (IBA) and 0.5% active carbon was the optimal medium for root induction. The 15-d survival rate of regenerated plantlets after transplanting to basins containing perlite and peat moss (1:4) was greater than 80%, and the berberine and phellodendrine accumulation was lower in callus compared with regenerated plantlets. The establishment of highly efficient regeneration system provides technical support for genetic breeding of Phellodendron chinense Schneid.

     

iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Reveals Cell Cycle and Translation Regulation Involving in Peanut Buds Cold Stress

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Cold stress is one major threats to field crops. The cold tolerant ability is a key limiting factor for the popularization of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in...     

LINC00667 promotes Wilms’ tumor metastasis and stemness by sponging miR‐200b/c/429 family to regulate IKK‐β

Wilms' tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a kind of pediatric renal cancer. Previous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various cancers progression. However, whether miR‐200 family regulated Wilms' tumor progression remains to be elucidated. In our study, miR‐200b/c/429 expression was downregulated in Wilms' tumor tissue samples from 25 patients. And data from three independent analyses of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expression of miR‐200b/c/429 was downregulated in Wilms' tumor cell lines. Functionally, Cell counting kit‐8 assay revealed that cell viability was reduced by overexpressing miR‐200b/c/429. Transwell assay manifested that cell migration and invasion was hindered by miR‐200b/c/429 overexpression. Sphere‐forming and western blot assays demonstrated that miR‐200b/c/429 overexpression suppressed the sphere formation ability. Mechanically, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway was confirmed to be associated with Wilms' tumor progression; miR‐200b/c/429 overexpression inactivated NF‐κB pathway as miR‐200b/c/429 was identified to target IκB kinase β (IKK‐β), an NF‐κB pathway‐related gene. Moreover, miR‐200b/c/429 was sponged by LINC00667 in Wilms' tumor cells. LINC00667 competitively bound with miR‐200b/c/429 to regulate IKK‐β expression and then activated NF‐κB pathway in Wilms' tumor. Subsequently, rescue assays illustrated that silencing of IKK‐β could reverse the effect of miR‐200b/c/429 inhibition on the progression of sh‐LINC00667‐transfected Wilms' tumor cells. In summary, LINC00667 promoted Wilms' tumor progression by sponging miR‐200b/c/429 family to regulate IKK‐β.     

A chemically triggered transition from conflict to cooperation in burying beetles

Although interspecific competition has long been recognised as a major driver of trait divergence and adaptive evolution, relatively little effort has focused on how it influences the evolution of intraspecific cooperation. Here we identify the mechanism by which the perceived pressure of interspecific competition influences the transition from intraspecific conflict to cooperation in a facultative cooperatively breeding species, the Asian burying beetle Nicrophorus nepalensis. We not only found that beetles are more cooperative at carcasses when blowfly maggots have begun to digest the tissue, but that this social cooperation appears to be triggered by a single chemical cue – dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) – emitted from carcasses consumed by blowflies, but not from control carcasses lacking blowflies. Our results provide experimental evidence that interspecific competition promotes the transition from intraspecific conflict to cooperation in N. nepalensis via a surprisingly simple social chemical cue that is a reliable indicator of resource competition between species.     

Fluorescence characterization and microbial degradation of dissolved organic matter leached from salt marsh plants in the Yellow River Delta

盐沼植被是沿海水体中溶解有机物(Dissolved Organic Matter, DOM)的重要贡献者。然而,不同盐沼植物释放DOM的动力学特征尚缺乏系统研究和比较。黄河三角洲湿地是中国东海岸面积最大,保护最完善的沿海生态系统之一。本论文研究了2016年10月从黄河三角洲(Yellow River Delta, YRD)盐沼中采集的三种常见沼泽植物(芦苇(Phragmites australis),碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和獐茅(Aeluropus littoralis)的DOM释放过程。通过测定溶解有机碳(Dissolved Organic Carbon, DOC)和溶解氮(Dissolved Nitrogen, DN)发现,植物叶片释放的DOM浓度远高于其根和茎。在27天的培养期内,平均有15%的生物碳和30%的生物氮以DOC和DN的形式通过植物叶片释放。从植物中释放的DOM非常不稳定,在27天的培养期内,细菌共消耗了92.4%–98.1%的DOC和88.0%–94.6%的DN。植物释放DOM的荧光特性表明,发色溶解的有机物(Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter, CDOM)是DOM的主要组分,而类蛋白组分是植物释放CDOM的主要组分。细菌的降解作用改变了DOM的荧光性质和化学组成。上述的室内研究结果得到了实地调查的充分支撑,表明在深秋时期黄河口湿地有大量DOM溢出。本研究结果表明,盐沼植物释放的DOM是沼泽和沿海水域DOC和DN的重要来源,而且易降解DOC和DN为黄河口湿地和邻近沿海水域中的微生物群落提供了重要的食物来源。     

Bacteriocin of Pediococcus acidilactici HW01 Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential source of food contamination that leads to food spoilage and infections as a result of the generation of biofilm and...     

Probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 Promotes Growth Performance,Intestinal Immunity,and Gut Microbiota in Piglets

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Numerous studies have investigated the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii strain BS15 on mice and broilers. This study aimed to understand the...     

L. plantarum,L. fermentum,and B. breve Beads Modified the Intestinal Microbiota and Alleviated the Inflammatory Response in High-Fat Diet–Fed Mice

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - This paper aims to study the effects of compound microbe-based beads on changes in the intestinal microbiota and alleviation of high-fat (HF)...     

A rapid enantioseparation system of capillary electrochromatography modified by electrostatic adsorption with transfersomes

Transfersomes were a special kind of nanomaterials with higher deformability and flexibility. A rapid method for coated-column preparation using anionic transfersomes as a coating material by electrostatic adsorption was developed. With carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin added in running buffer as the chiral selector, the capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation system based on the transfersomes-coated column modified by electrostatic adsorption was established for the first time. Propranolol and metoprolol acted as model drugs to evaluate the enantioseparation performance, these two basic drugs achieved baseline separation with satisfactory resolution and selection factor in this transfersomes-electrochromatography system but only partial separation in bare column system. In order to get the optimal separation condition, concentration of chiral selector, buffer pH, and applied voltage were systematically investigated. A rapid and efficient enantioseparation electrochromatography system was established and showed that transfersomes as the stationary phase could efficiently improve chiral separation effect.     

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit b is a novel oncogenic factor in prostate cancer

Mammalian Genome - Prostate cancer, the second most common cancer among male adults, affects millions globally. We sought to investigate the expression and contribution of Eukaryotic translation...