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31.
The influence of Calacarus heveae Feres on physiological processes was evaluated in two rubber tree clones. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse with 5-month-old potted seedlings of RRIM 600 and GT 1 clones, that were either infested with C. heveae or not (non-infested control). The level of photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, changes in relative humidity between leaf surface and ambient air (Δw) and intercellular CO(2) concentration (Ci CO(2)) were evaluated. Infested plants showed significant reductions in the rate of transpiration, the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and Δw. RRIM 600 seedlings showed more pronounced physiological damage than GT 1 seedlings, indicating a lower physiological tolerance of the former clone to the mite. However, carotenoid levels were reduced only in GT 1 seedlings. Photosynthesis was probably reduced due to a decrease in stomatal opening, as indicated by reductions in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance and by the absence of differences in chlorophyll levels between treatments. Our results indicate that populations of C. heveae reduce the productivity of rubber trees. Thus, farmers must to be aware to control this mite pest in rubber tree plantations. 相似文献
32.
Landmark-based geometric morphometric techniques were used to test the hypothesis that Petrochromis spp. from Lake Tanganyika are ecomorphologically equivalent to Petrotilapia spp. from Lake Malawi. Both genera are epilithic algal feeders and inhabit the rocky shores of their respective lakes. We investigated the morphological component of the ecomorphology hypothesis by investigating body shape, using landmark-based morphometric techniques. A MANOVA revealed significant differences among species and an ordination of all species along the first two CV axes showed clear separation of the two genera in the morphospace with Petrochromis fasciolatus as an intermediate. A thin-plate spline analysis revealed that Petrochromis spp. had a deeper, broader anterior body, larger gape, shorter anal fin base and narrower caudal peduncle than Petrotilapia spp. Basically, differences between lakes were found, but there were no similarities or clusters of presumptive ecomorphs. Based on such results, we reject the hypothesis of morphological equivalence between these two genera. However, considering the non-significant difference in body shape revealed between P. fasciolatus , Petrotilapia genalutea and Petrotilapia 'mumbo blue', we conclude that these three species represent morphological equivalence and hence display a best example of convergent evolution. 相似文献
33.
The bacterial succession on the skin of broiler chicken carcasses stored at 2 degrees C was traced, and the ability of representative isolates to produce off-odors was determined by using sterile leg and breast muscle sections. Off-odors were identified by olfactory and chemical means. The inability of peptone-iron agar to detect sulfide-producing strains was noted. 相似文献
34.
Daud?Kassamkassam@cc.kochi-u.ac.jp; KY yamaoka@cc.kochi-u.ac.jp" title="DK kassam@cc.kochi-u.ac.jp; KY yamaoka@cc.kochi-u.ac.jp" itemprop="email" data-track="click" data-track-action="Email author" data-track-label="">Email author Shinji?Mizoiri Kosaku?Yamaoka 《Ichthyological Research》2004,51(3):195-201
Differences in color patterns have been the most used feature in describing cichlid species belonging to genus Petrotilapia from Lake Malawi. In this study, we quantified morphological variation in body shape within and among three coexisting Petrotilapia species using landmark-based geometric morphometric methods. Statistic analyses revealed significant body shape differences among species but not between sexes. Post hoc multiple comparisons based on Mahalanobis distances revealed that P. nigra was significantly different from P. genalutea and Petrotilapia sp., whereas the latter two were not significantly different. The splines generated showed that the most pronounced variation was in the head region, in which P. nigra had a relatively longer and deeper head than the other two. The most clear-cut distinction was in gape length; P. genalutea had the longest gape, followed by Petrotilapia sp., whereas P. nigra had the shortest gape. Body depth was shallower in P. nigra than the others. When comparing sexes by their centroid size, ANOVA revealed that males were bigger than females. Therefore, we conclude that color is not the only feature that can distinguish these congeners. We discuss the observed sexual dimorphism in terms of sexual selection and relate morphological variation among species to feeding behavior, which may help explain their coexistence in nature. 相似文献
35.
Siti Sarah Daud 《Analytical biochemistry》2010,397(2):181-185
Following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), it is important to determine whether engraftment is successful and to track the dynamic changes of the graft. Tandem repeats such as minisatellites and microsatellites are currently the most established markers for chimerism application. We have developed a reliable method to quantitatively evaluate engraftment status in post-allogeneic HSCT patients using variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers and “lab-on-a-chip” microfluidic electrophoresis technology. Following identification of an informative marker by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), donor chimerism percentage was calculated based on a standard curve generated from artificially mixed patient-donor DNA-specific alleles in serial dilutions. All PCR products were mixed with commercial gel dye and loaded into Agilent DNA 1000 microfluidic LabChips for DNA sizing and quantitation. In 44 patients, separation of pretransplant and donor DNA fragments was resolved clearly and accomplished rapidly within 30 min. Chimerism analysis using this platform is able to detect an amount as low as 6.3% donor DNA with acceptable coefficient of variation values. We also demonstrated concordant chimerism analysis findings using both microchip tandem repeats and real-time PCR quantitation of insertion-deletion polymorphisms. This microchip platform obviates the need for fluorescently labeled primers or any post-PCR sample manipulation. Quantitative monitoring of post-HSCT chimerism status using microfluidic electrophoresis is a useful tool for both large- and small-scale post-HSCT chimerism centers. 相似文献
36.
Adnan Daud Khan Sultan Daud Khan RehanUllah Khan Naveed Ahmad Amjad Ali Akhtar Khalil Farman Ali Khan 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2014,9(5):1091-1102
We present a computational study of the plasmonic response of a split nanoring dimer resonator which supports multiple plasmonic Fano-like resonances that arises by the coupling and interference of the dimer plasmon modes. For the generation of Fano resonances with large modulation depths, numerous configurations of the dimer resonator are analyzed which are observed to be highly dependent on the polarization of incident light. Moreover, the influence of dimension of the split nanoring structure on the spectral positions and intensities of the higher order Fano resonances are also investigated, and it is found that the asymmetric Fano line shapes can be flexibly tuned in the spectrum by varying various geometrical parameters. Such Fano resonators are also discovered to offer high values of figure of merit and contrast ratio due to which they are suitable for high-performance biological sensors. 相似文献
37.
38.
Ji Wei Tan Chau Ling Tham Daud A. Israf Sang Hyub Lee Min Kyu Kim 《Neurochemical research》2013,38(3):512-518
l-Glutamate plays a crucial role in neuronal cell death, which is known to be associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of biochanin A, a phytoestrogen compound found mainly in Trifolium pratense, against l-glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in a PC12 cell line. Exposure of the cells to 10 mM l-glutamate was found to significantly increase cell viability loss and apoptosis, whereas pretreatment with various concentrations of biochanin A attenuated the cytotoxic effects of l-glutamate. Specifically, the pretreatment led to not only decreases in the release of lactate dehydrogenase, the number of apoptotic cells, and the activity of caspase-3 but also an increase in the total glutathione level in the l-glutamate-treated PC12 cells. These results indicate that biochanin A may be able to exert neuroprotective effects against l-glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our findings also imply that biochanin A may act as an antiapoptotic agent in order to perform its protective function. 相似文献
39.
Hasan Nur Amilia Hanie Mohamad Harith Hanis Hazeera Israf Daud Ahmad Tham Chau Ling 《Molecular biology reports》2020,47(5):3511-3519
Molecular Biology Reports - Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the mechanisms that contribute to bronchial remodelling which underlie chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as... 相似文献
40.
Hussain R Daud S Kakar N Ahmad A Baloch AH Tareen AM Kakar MA Ahmad J 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(5):6197-6201
Canavan disease (OMIM 271900) is an autosomal recessive lethal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by spongy degeneration
of the brain. A highly consanguineous Pakistani family with Canavan disease was enrolled on the basis of diagnosis. All the
affected individuals have mental retardation, megalocephaly and degradation of motor skills, poor head control, partial vision
loss, weakness of the muscles and raised urinary concentration of N-acetyl aspartic acid in the urine. Blood samples were
collected from affected as well as normal siblings and processed for DNA purification. Linkage analysis was performed by typing
three short tandem repeat markers D17S1583 (7.19 cM), D17S1828 (10.02 cM) and D17S919 (14.69 cM) for an already-reported gene/locus
ASPA at chromosome 17p13.2 causing Canavan disease. During linkage analysis, all the affected individuals were homozygous for
short tandem repeat markers while the normal siblings were heterozygous showing co-segregation of the disease. Gene ASPA (NM_000049) was undertaken to sequence for mutation analysis. As a result of sequence analysis, we found missense substitution
740A→G (p.G274R) in exon 6 of gene ASPA. To our knowledge, this is the first report about Canavan disease on a Pakistani family. 相似文献