瑞舒伐他汀对载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化中调节性T细胞的影响

目的：探讨瑞舒伐他汀对载脂蛋白E基因敲除（ApoEKO）小鼠动脉粥样硬化中调节性T细胞的影响。方法：首先将30只ApoEKO小鼠建立动脉粥样硬化模型,随机分为高胆固醇饮食组（对照组）、瑞舒伐他汀低剂量组和瑞舒伐他汀高剂量组,各组分别给予蒸馏水或瑞舒伐他汀进行干预8周;将主动脉根部行冰冻切片油红染色,评估粥样硬化斑块面积大小;免疫组织化学法检测主动脉根部粥样硬化斑块处调节性T细胞（Treg）的表达。结果：各组小鼠均有动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,采用瑞舒伐他汀治疗的小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块的面积明显小于未经治疗的小鼠（P〈0.01）,同时瑞舒伐他汀能明显增加粥样硬化病变处调节性T细胞的表达,且呈现剂效关系。结论：本实验观察到瑞舒伐他汀不仅能减小ApoEKO小鼠的主动脉粥样硬化斑块,且能使调节性T细胞的表达增多,推测瑞舒伐他汀可以通过促进调节性T细胞的生成而起到抑制动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

我国人粒细胞无形体病的研究进展

人粒细胞无形体病是由嗜吞噬细胞无形体引起的一种经蜱传播的人畜共患病。近年来,在美国、欧洲、非洲等地均有相关病例报道,我国也有病例发现。该病主要引起发热,血小板减少,严重可引起多脏器损害,甚至死亡。因此日益受到研究者们的关注与重视。本文分别从HGA的发现,临床特点,治疗,预防等方面介绍人粒细胞无形体病的研究进展。     

小鼠Daintain/AIF-1 基因启动子的克隆及其荧光素酶报告基因 载体的构建

目的:对Daintain/AIF-1(大炎肽/同种异体移植炎症因子-1)基因启动子进行克隆并构建荧光素酶报告基因载体,为进一步研究Daintain/AIF-1的转录调控作用提供了质粒资源。方法:提取单核巨噬细胞系RAW264.7基因组DNA,以其为模板采用PCR方法克隆出Daintain/AIF-1基因5’端UTR区1.6 kb DNA序列,将该序列同源重组到pGL3-Basic载体上,转化感受态DH5α并酶切鉴定和测序。结果:PCR产物片段与预期结果一致,Daintain/AIF-1基因5’端UTR区1.6 kb DNA序列连接到pGL3-Basic载体上,构建成pGL3-Basic-Daintain/AIF-1(pGL3-Basic-DT)载体,酶切结果与理论预测值一致,经测序证实无碱基突变。结论:Daintain/AIF-1基因报告基因载体的构建为进一步研究Daintain/AIF-1转录调控作用提供了载体资源。     

电磁场的应用与研究进展

随着生物医学工程学发展,物理疗法已经成为当前疾病治疗一个重要手段,因此电磁场治疗及生物电磁的研究成为当前热点。特别是在骨病等相关领域的研究,研究发现电磁场能有效的治疗和预防骨质疏松症。因此本文就电磁场治疗以及机理研究方面进行综述。     

Identification of bovine leucocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) carriers in Holstein and Brown Swiss AI bulls in Iran

BLAD is a hereditary disease in Holstein dairy cattle. The defective allele of CD18 gene which is responsible for this disease has a recessive inheritance. The recessive homozygous form (BL/BL) is lethal and since carrier animals have viability, BLAD frequency increases by use of carrier bulls in Artificial Insemination (AI). BLAD carriers can be detected easily by means of polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction analysis of the amplicons. In this study DNA samples from Holstein (n = 30) and Brown Swiss (n = 10) bulls from Abbas Abad AI center (Khorasan state of Iran) were analysed. A 101 bp fragment from the polymorphic region of CD18 gene located on chromosome 1 was amplified by PCR. Restriction enzymes TaqI and HaeIII were used to identify genotypes. Digestion products were screened by electrophoresis on 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel and visualized by ethidium bromide staining. Frequencies of BL/TL (carrier) genotypes in Holstein and Brown Swiss bulls were 3.33% and 0%, respectively. Our pedigree studies of the carrier bull in this experiment revealed that the mutation inherited to him from Hawkeye bull (CANM 369995, BL). Although the elimination of BLAD-carrier bulls from the Holstein world would be the most efficient method to control this genetic disorder, many BLAD-carrier bulls are still listed commercially for AI and BLAD is still occurring in Iran. Monitoring the prevalence of BLAD-carriers in random selected herds may be helpful in judging the effectiveness of the BLAD-control program.     

假单胞菌M18调控因子GacA与RsmA的相关性及对抗生物质合成代谢调控机制的分析

假单胞菌M18是一株可同时合成并分泌吩嗪-1-羧酸(Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid,PCA)和藤黄绿脓菌素(Pyoluteorin,Plt)两种抗生物质的生防菌株。为了进一步研究假单胞菌M18抗生物质合成代谢的调控方式与机制,在分别构建gacAr、smA等单基因突变株基础上,又构建了gacArsmA双基因突变株M18GR以及gacA′-l′acZ和rsmA′-′lacZ等翻译融合表达载体(pMEGA和pMERA)。通过在PPM和KMB两种培养基中发酵培养和两种抗生物质PCA和Plt的HPLC定量测定显示,双突变株M18GR的PCA和Plt的合成量不论在PPM还是在KMB培养基中都介于单突变株M18G和M18R之间。由实验结果分析推测,两种调控因子对抗生物质合成的调控作用不是发生在转录水平,很可能发生在转录后水平。由β-半乳糖苷酶的定量分析表明,在假单胞菌M18中,两种调控因子不存在自诱导机制;虽然GacA未调控RsmA的合成,但RsmA可能部分正向调控GacA的表达。     

血液磁极化疗法对糖尿病兔胰岛功能的影响

目的观察血液磁极化疗法(简称血磁治疗)对糖尿病(DM)的治疗效果和对胰岛功能的影响。方法制备了四氧嘧啶DM兔模型20只,随机分为两组,即DM模型血磁治疗组及DM模型未治疗组,同时设立正常对照组10只,分别测定治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素(INS)及C-肽(C-P),并于观察期结束后处死动物取胰腺组织常规石蜡包埋切片,行HE及Mallory三色法特殊染色观察3组胰岛形态学变化。结果血磁治疗显著降低DM兔的FPG(P<0.001)。DM治疗组INS及C-P水平较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),与未治疗组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。胰岛病理改变可见治疗组β细胞数量明显多于DM未治疗组,提示血磁疗法具有促进胰岛修复,改善胰岛功能的作用。结论血磁疗法能够促进DM时受损胰岛组织的修复,改善胰岛β细胞分泌功能,降血糖作用明显。     

Female moths of cotton bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) captured by waterbasin traps baited with synthetic female sex pheromone

Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most important pest insects in cotton fields in China. Female moths were captured by waterbasin traps with a synthetic female sex pheromone blend in cotton fields over three years. The blend contained (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal and (Z)‐9‐hexadecenal with a ratio of 97:3. Each pheromone dispenser was impregnated with 2.0 mg of pheromone blend and 0.2 mg of antioxidant dissolved with 0.1 mL of hexane, and there was a control dispenser with a similar amount of antioxidant and solvent only. Waterbasin traps were deployed in three configurations in the fields. ‘A’ was pheromone traps only, ‘B’ was both pheromone and control traps, ‘C’ was control traps only. (i) In four plots of ‘A’, the average weekly female catch was 1.5, and more females were captured by centrally located pheromone traps, (ii) In three plots of ‘Brsquo;, control traps also captured female as well as male moths, but average weekly female catches of control traps was significantly lower than that in pheromone‐baited traps. (iii) There were significant linear relationships between the average weekly female catch and the corresponding layer in pheromone‐baited traps in both ‘A’ and ‘B’ plots, and in quadratic equations in control in ‘B’ plots. (iv) With the increase of the interval of traps, average weekly female catches per trap increased but average weekly female catches per hectare decreased. (v) Among the female moths captured by pheromone traps, 88.3% were mated female moths which each containing 1.46 spermatophores, while in control traps 86.9% of the mated female moths had 0.90 spermatophores. There was a significant difference between the average numbers of spermatophores of mated females in pheromone traps and in controls.     

Host plant mediation of diapause induction in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）

The cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringiBaly （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）, is a serious pest of crucifers in China, undergoing an imaginal summer and winter diapause in the soil. The effects of host plants on diapause incidence were tested in the beetle. The ratio of adults entering diapause was significantly low when they fed on the mature leaves of Chinese cabbage Shanghaiqin （Brassica chinesis var communis） than those feeding on Chinese cabbage Suzhouqin （Brassica chinesis var communis）, radish （Raphanus sativus var longipinnatus） and stem mustard （Brassicajuncea vat tumida） at 25℃ combined with 13：11 （L： D） h. Fewer adults entered diapause on young leaves compared to physiologically aged and mature radish leaves at 25℃ combined with 13：11 （L： D） h. The effect of host plant species on diapause induction was also evident under continuously dark rearing conditions or at different photoperiods. These experimental results demonstrate that host plant mediation of diapause induction exists in the cabbage beetle. However, at temperatures ≤20℃ or photoperiods of 16：8 （L： D） h combined with 25℃, all individuals entered diapause regardless of the host plants, indicating that the effects of host plants on diapause induction could be expressed only within a limited range of temperatures and photoperiods.     

玻璃化与正常苹果试管苗的叶片和茎的显微结构比较

以苹果品种‘鲁加5号’试管苗为试材,其用石蜡切片和电镜扫描观察方法,比较玻璃化与正常试管苗叶片和茎的显微结构的结果表明：苹果玻璃化试管苗的叶片和茎的显微结构与正常试管苗有显著差异,前者的叶片厚度变大,表皮细胞密度极低;表皮细胞体积膨大,液泡化,栅栏组织厚度减小,海绵组织厚度增加;气孔器的长轴变化不明显,短轴变宽,气孔密度极高;茎的维管组织中有空洞和塌陷,导管管壁多皱褶,筛管中无淀粉粒积累。