转化生长因子β的提取、纯化及其对肝细胞凋亡的诱导作用

用酸/醇法从新鲜的牛血小板中粗提TGF-β。经离子交换色谱和凝胶色谱纯化后,收集经SDS-PAGE鉴定相对分子质量为25×10     

四种渗透性防冻剂在猕猴精子低温冷冻保存中对精子功能状态的影响

以冷冻精子的复苏运动度、荧光染料Hoechst 3 3 2 5 8检测的细胞膜完整率、异硫氰酸荧光素标记的花生凝集素 (FITC PNA)检测的顶体完整率作为精子功能状态的指标 ,对甘油、二甲亚砜、乙二醇和丙二醇 4种常用渗透性防冻剂在猕猴精子冷冻保存过程中的作用进行了比较。结果表明 :冷冻保存精子的复苏运动度 ,甘油 ( 4 7 3± 5 7% )和乙二醇 ( 4 4 8± 6 7% ) >二甲亚砜 ( 2 2 9± 0 9% ) >丙二醇 ( 0± 0 % ) ;细胞膜完整率 ,甘油 ( 5 4 8± 3 2 % )和乙二醇 ( 5 4 0± 6 7% ) >二甲亚砜 ( 3 7 5± 7 0 % ) >丙二醇 ( 2 8 3± 6 5 % ) ;顶体完整率 ,甘油 ( 82 2± 2 4 % )和乙二醇 ( 82 4± 2 4 % ) >二甲亚砜 ( 6 8 7± 5 7% )和丙二醇 ( 72 3±3 5 % ) (P <0 0 5 )。结果提示 :二甲亚砜和丙二醇 ,尤其是丙二醇并不适合猕猴精子的冷冻保存 ;而乙二醇具有和甘油相似的保护作用 ,是一种极具潜力的猕猴精子冷冻保存的渗透性防冻剂。     

自发性高血压大鼠和Wistar大鼠脑动脉平滑肌细胞膜电流的比较

目的:探讨自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和Wistar大鼠脑动脉(BA)平滑肌细胞膜电流的异同。方法:应用全细胞膜片钳技术研究SHR和Wistar大鼠BA平滑肌细胞在电流密度、电流组成以及自发性瞬时外向K+电流(STOCs)特性的异同。结果:①当指令电压为0、+20、+40和+60mV时,SHR与Wistar大鼠BA平滑肌细胞间电流密度存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。②SHR与Wistar大鼠BA平滑肌细胞膜电流都对1 mmol/L电压依赖的K+通道(Kv)阻断剂4AP和1 mmol/L大电导Ca2+激活K+通道(BKCa)阻断剂TEA敏感。③SHR的STOCs发放频率和电流幅度都远大于Wistar大鼠。1 mmol/LTEA基本完全阻断STOCs通道电流,而4-AP对STOCs没有影响。结论:SHR和Wistar大鼠脑动脉平滑肌细胞的电流密度存在差异,两种平滑肌细胞外向电流都由BKCa和Kv通道组成。SHR大鼠平滑肌细胞更易诱发由BKCa通道介导的STOCs。     

重组人生长激素对老年男性慢性心力衰竭患者血脂代谢影响的研究

目的：探讨重组人生长激素在治疗老年男性慢性心力衰竭时对血脂代谢的影响。方法：将对87例老年慢性心力衰竭患者随机分别进行常规心力衰竭治疗组（CHF对照组）（n=46）和常规治疗基础上加用生长激素治疗组（CHF实验组）（n=41）及正常对照组（n=10）;均连续治疗3个月,观察治疗前后生长激素（GH）、（胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、总胆固醇（1℃）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）等各项指标的变化。结果：治疗前,各组之间GH、IGF-1水平无明显差异。治疗后,CHF实验组患者GH（0．71±0．34／350．96±0．48）、IGF-1（95．64±21．11 vs 111．64±23．14）水平较治疗前明显升高,CHF对照组治疗前后GH（0．81±0．32 vs 0．79±0．29）、IGF-1（97．82±19．74 vs 99．65±20．11）水平无明显差异。治疗后CHF实验组与CHF对照组相比GH（0．96±0．48 vs 0．79±0．29）、IGF-1（111．64±23．14 vs 99．65±20．11）水平显著升高（P〈0．05）。治疗前,3组患者血脂各项指标无明显差异（P〉0．05）,治疗后,CHF实验组LDL-C（2．11±0．82 vs 1．76±0．51）、TC（3．78±1．34 vs 3．21±1．17）水平较治疗前有所下降（P〈0．05）,而HDL-C（1．10±0．31 vs 0．99±0．28）、TG（1．89±1．07 vs 1．66±0．95）水平较治疗前无显著差异（P〉0．05）。然而,CHF对照组治疗前、后相比,LDL-C、HDL-C、TC、TG水平无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：应用重组人生长激素治疗老年慢性心力衰竭,GH参与了血脂代谢,可降低LDL-C、TC水平,但对HDL-C、TG水平无明显影响。故在长期应用生长激素时需要关注血脂代谢,及时调整血脂治疗。     

Purification of the small mechanosensitive channel of Escherichia coli (MscS): the subunit structure,conduction, and gating characteristics in liposomes

The small mechanosensitive channel, MscS, is a part of the turgor-driven solute efflux system that protects bacteria from lysis in the event of osmotic downshift. It has been identified in Escherichia coli as a product of the orphan yggB gene, now called mscS (Levina et al., 1999, EMBO J. 18:1730). Here I show that that the isolated 31-kDa MscS protein is sufficient to form a functional mechanosensitive channel gated directly by tension in the lipid bilayer. MscS-6His complexes purified in the presence of octylglucoside and lipids migrate in a high-resolution gel-filtration column as particles of approximately 200 kDa. Consistent with that, the protein cross-linking patterns predict a hexamer. The channel reconstituted in soybean asolectin liposomes was activated by pressures of 20-60 mm Hg and displayed the same asymmetric I-V curve and slight anionic preference as in situ. At the same time, the single-channel conductance is proportional to the buffer conductivity in a wide range of salt concentrations. The rate of channel activation in response to increasing pressure gradient across the patch was slower than the rate of closure in response to decreasing steps of pressure gradient. Therefore, the open probability curves were recorded with descending series of pressures. Determination of the curvature of patches by video imaging permitted measurements of the channel activity as a function of membrane tension (gamma). Po(gamma) curves had the midpoint at 5.5 +/- 0.1 dyne/cm and gave estimates for the energy of opening DeltaG = 11.4 +/- 0.5 kT, and the transition-related area change DeltaA = 8.4 +/- 0.4 nm(2) when fitted with a two-state Boltzmann model. The correspondence between channel properties in the native and reconstituted systems is discussed.     

鸡β-肌动蛋白第一内含子对EIAV转移载体外源蛋白表达能力的影响

以马传染性贫血病毒（equine infectious anemia virus, EIAV）基因转移载体pcPPTWPRE为基础,用含不同长度片段的鸡β-肌动蛋白启动子替换原有的人巨细胞病毒立即早期启动子（CMVIEp）启动外源基因的表达,分别构建了2个基因转移载体,含部分第一内含子的pWCAGP0.8和含全长内含子的pWCAGP1.6。连同在其它研究中构建的不含内含子的质粒pcPPTWCAG（另文发表）,采用磷酸钙法分别转染HEK293细胞和DF-1细胞, 利用荧光显微镜观察报告基因eGFP蛋白的表达。并利用流式细胞仪定量。统计学分析结果表明,在HEK293细胞中,pcPPTWCAG、pWCAGP0.8和 pWCAGP1.6表达阳性率分别为47.9%、46.1%和23.8%,转染后48h,收获细胞,利用流式细胞仪比较转染细胞中EGFP表达阳性细胞的百分率。结果表明,在HEK293细胞中,pcPPTWCAG、pWCAGP0.8 和pWCAGP1.6的阳性细胞分别占计数细胞的47.9%、46.1%和23.8%;在DF-1细胞中,依次分别为12.4%、9.5%和4.2%,pcPPTWCAG与pWCAGP1.6差异显著。本研究表明不含内含子的EIAV载体质粒表达EGFP的能力高于含部分和全长内含子的载体。     

GABA_A受体在酒精依赖中作用的研究进展

酒精依赖的产生机制是由特定的GABAA受体亚单位介导的,并且能够影响其它GABAA受体亚单位,使其对一定剂量的酒精敏感。此外酒精还可以通过细胞内信号转导途径影响GABA在大脑不同区域及核团单元的表达。焦虑、抗惊厥、镇静催眠、认知功能障碍等由酒精依赖产生的现象或者机制,均与GABA受体的介导有关。这些机制包括酒精对GABAA受体的直接或间接的作用,以及GABA的合成和释放。因此对GABAA受体功能的研究,将有助于人们关注酒精依赖现象及其治疗手段,为寻找酒精依赖治疗药物和治疗酒精中毒的机制的提供新线索。     

Hydrophobic core malleability of a de novo designed three-helix bundle protein

De novo protein design provides a tool for testing the principles that stabilize the structures of proteins. Recently, we described the design and structure determination of alpha(3)D, a three-helix bundle protein with a well-packed hydrophobic core. Here, we test the malleability and adaptability of this protein's structure by mutating a small, Ala residue (A60) in its core to larger, hydrophobic side-chains, Leu and Ile. Such changes introduce strain into the structures of natural proteins, and therefore generally destabilize the native state. By contrast, these mutations were slightly stabilizing ( approximately 1.5 kcal mol(-1)) to the tertiary structure of alpha(3)D. The value of DeltaC(p) for unfolding of these mutants was not greatly affected relative to wild-type, indicating that the change in solvent accessibility for unfolding was similar. However, two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectra indicate that the protein adjusts to the introduction of steric bulk in different ways. A60L-alpha(3)D showed serious erosion in the dispersion of both the amide backbone as well as the side-chain methyl chemical shifts. By contrast, A60I-alpha(3)D showed excellent dispersion of the backbone resonances, and selective changes in dispersion of the aliphatic side-chains proximal to the site of mutation. Together, these data suggest that alpha(3)D, although folded into a unique three-dimensional structure, is nevertheless more malleable and flexible than most natural, native proteins.     

DNA synthesis in heterokaryons obtained by the fusion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cultured cells possessing different proliferative potentials

Heterokaryons between terminally differentiated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PL) and culture cells of different proliferative potentials: mouse and rat embryo fibroblasts (EFM, EFR); immortal cells NIH 3T3 and E2; malignant cells NCC2, L929, He239 and SV 3T3,--were obtained by means of electrofusion. Radioautographic study of 3H-thymidine incorporation in the nuclei of heterokaryons showed that all the cells taken for fusion were able to induce reactivation of DNA synthesis in PL nuclei, however, with different rates: 7-37% for EFM and NIH 3T3 and 20-40% for malignant cells. The presence of oncogenes Elan in E2 cells and ras in NCC2 cells increased the rate of PL reactivation approximately twice as compared with the cells of original lines (EFR and NIH 3T3, correspondingly). In parallel to reactivation of DNA synthesis in PL nuclei inhibition of the synthesis in culture cell nuclei in the same heterokaryons was found. The rate of inhibition was about 70% for non-malignant and 23, 40 and 18% for NCC2, L and SV 3T3 cells, respectively. He239 cells, transformed by a temperature-dependent mutant of virus SV40 showed at permissive temperature the increased capacity of inducing reactivation of PL nuclei, though He239 cells susceptibility to inhibitory action of PL nuclei did not change with temperature. According to the behaviour in heterokaryons PL were found to be similar to chick erythrocytes, but differing from them by a pronounced inhibiting effect upon DNA synthesis in the nuclei of malignant cells.