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Wesley L Hung Christine Hwang ShangBang Gao Jyothsna Chitturi Ying Wang Hang Li Jean‐Louis Bessereau Mei Zhen 《The EMBO journal》2013,32(12):1745-1760
A neuronal F‐box protein FSN‐1 regulates Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction development by negatively regulating DLK‐mediated MAPK signalling. In the present study, we show that attenuation of insulin/IGF signalling also contributes to FSN‐1‐dependent synaptic development and function. The aberrant synapse morphology and synaptic transmission in fsn‐1 mutants are partially and specifically rescued by reducing insulin/IGF‐signalling activity in postsynaptic muscles, as well as by reducing the activity of EGL‐3, a prohormone convertase that processes agonistic insulin/IGF ligands INS‐4 and INS‐6, in neurons. FSN‐1 interacts with, and potentiates the ubiquitination of EGL‐3 in vitro, and reduces the EGL‐3 level in vivo. We propose that FSN‐1 may negatively regulate insulin/IGF signalling, in part, through EGL‐3‐dependent insulin‐like ligand processing. 相似文献
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Sarah Papworth E.J. Milner‐Gulland Katie Slocombe 《American journal of primatology》2013,75(11):1117-1128
Ethnoprimatology is an important and growing discipline, studying the diverse relationships between humans and primates. However there is a danger that too great a focus on primates as important to humans may obscure the importance of other animal groups to local people. The Waorani of Amazonian Ecuador were described by Sponsel [Sponsel (1997) New World Primates: Ecology, evolution and behavior. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. p 143–165] as the “natural place” for ethnoprimatology, because of their close relationship to primates, including primates forming a substantial part of their diet. Therefore they are an ideal group in which to examine contemporary perceptions of primates in comparison to other types of animal. We examine how Waorani living in Yasuní National Park name and categorize primates and other common mammals. Although there is some evidence that the Waorani consider primates a unique group, the non‐primate kinkajou and olingo are also included as part of the group “monkeys,” and no evidence was found that primates were more important than other mammals to Waorani culture. Instead, a small number of key species, in particular the woolly monkey (Lagothrix poeppigii) and white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), were found to be both important in the diet and highly culturally salient. These results have implications for both ethnoprimatologists and those working with local communities towards broader conservation goals. Firstly, researchers should ensure that they and local communities are referring to the same animals when they use broad terms such as “monkey,” and secondly the results caution ethnoprimatologists against imposing western taxonomic groups on indigenous peoples, rather than allowing them to define themselves which species are important. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1117–1128, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. American Journal of Primatology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Jongmin Yoon 《Journal of Ethology》2013,31(1):35-40
Studies of avian brood parasitism have provided some of the best evidence of coevolutionary arms races. One of the parasitic adaptations exhibited by cuckoos (family Cuculidae) and cowbirds (family Icteridae) is the development of a thick eggshell, presumably to avoid damage from puncture ejection by some hosts and/or accidental damage during egg-laying in the host nest. However, it is unknown whether this trait constrains the hatching of parasitic young. The differences in hatching characteristics between the host red-winged blackbird (“redwing;” Agelaius phoeniceus) and the parasitic brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) were examined. Prehatched cowbird young were found to spend more time hatching than pre-hatched redwing young and to emit click sounds at a greater rate in relation to pulmonary respiration than pre-hatched redwing young. However, cowbird hatchlings appear to have evolved other hatching-related traits that may compensate for the greater hatching effort, such as body parts and an egg tooth that are relatively large compared with those of redwing hatchlings. 相似文献
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