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351.
352.
Standard free energy maps for the hydrolysis of ATP as a function of pH and metal ion concentration: comparison of metal ions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The observed equilibrium constant Kobs for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate has been calculated as a function of pH and metal ion concentration pM (- log [M]) at 25 °C and μ = 0.2 with the use of literature values of the acid dissociation and complex dissociation constants for the phosphates.The resulting standard free energy changes ΔG °′ are presented by means of contour diagrams for the range pH 4–10 and pM 1–7. These maps summarize the results of some 1900 calculations per diagram, and clearly simulate a differential effect of the metal ions of interest, including Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Mn2+, Li+, Na+ and K+, on the equilibrium hydrolysis of ATP. 相似文献
353.
Transgenic mouse lines with ectopic expression of {alpha}-1, 3-galactosyltransferase: production and characteristics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ikematsu Shinya; Kaname Tadashi; Ozawa Masayuki; Yonezawa Suguru; Sato Eiichi; Uehara Fumiyuki; Obama Hiroya; Yamamura Kenichi; Muramatsu Takashi 《Glycobiology》1993,3(6):575-580
The cDNA of murine 相似文献
354.
Ariki Matsuoka Yoshiyasu Ohie Kiyohiro Imai Keiji Shikama 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》1996,115(4):483-492
With regard to the distal (E7) residue, gastropod sea mollusc contains both types of myoglobin, one with and the other lacking the distal histidine. We have isolated a myoglobin from the radular muscle of Cerithidea rhizophorarum, a small whelk found on the Japanese coast. Unlike Aplysia myoglobin having a single histidine residue at position 95, Cerithidea myoglobin contains three histidines at positions 48, 66 and 98. Moreover, Cerithidea MbO2 exists as homodimers and is oxidized, not to the usual form of metMb but to the hemichrome monomers. It was also found that the hemichrome monomers thus produced can easily be converted back to the dimerized oxy-form, if the ferric protein was reduced carefully with a slight excess of sodium hydrosulfite. This dimer-monomer conversion coupled with the heme-iron oxidation in Cerithidea myoglobin is very unique, and the distal histidine at position 66 is probably responsible for its reversible formation of hemichrome from the ferric met-form that occurred transiently in due course of the oxidation reaction of Cerithidea MbO2 相似文献
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Akio Nakane Kyogo Yamada Suguru Hasegawa Daisuke Mizuki Mayuko Mizuki Sanae Sasaki Tomisato Miura 《FEMS microbiology letters》1999,175(1):133-142
It has been demonstrated that endogenous cytokines including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play protective roles but that IL-4 and IL-10 play detrimental roles in nonlethal Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. In this paper, we studied the roles of endogenous cytokines in a lethal infection with L. monocytogenes in mice. TNF-alpha and IL-6 titres in the bloodstreams, spleens and livers paralleled bacterial numbers in the organs, and both these cytokines and the bacterial numbers peaked just before the mice died. The high titres of TNF-alpha notably detected in the circulation in lethal infection were different from those in nonlethal infection. The maximum production of IFN-gamma was observed before the peaks of TNF-alpha and IL-6, and IFN-gamma almost disappeared from the bloodstreams and organs just before the mice died. No notable difference of IFN-gamma titres between lethal infection and nonlethal infection in the specimens obtained from mice was observed. IL-10 was also detected in the bloodstreams earlier than the peaks of TNF-alpha and IL-6 during lethal infection, while IL-4 was never detected in the sera. The administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-4 or IL-10 failed to rescue mice from lethal L. monocytogenes infection, whereas anti-TNF-alpha mAb and anti-IFN-gamma mAb prevented mice from lethality by high-dose endotoxin shock. These results suggest that lethality in L. monocytogenes infection might not be determined solely by these cytokines. 相似文献