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141.
Vishal Shah Shreya Shah Hirsh Shah Fred J. Rispoli Kevin T. McDonnell Selam Workeneh Ajay Karakoti Amit Kumar Sudipta Seal 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have found numerous applications in the biomedical industry due to their strong antioxidant properties. In the current study, we report the influence of nine different physical and chemical parameters: pH, aeration and, concentrations of MgSO4, CaCl2, KCl, natural organic matter, fructose, nanoparticles and Escherichia coli, on the antibacterial activity of dextran coated cerium oxide nanoparticles. A least-squares quadratic regression model was developed to understand the collective influence of the tested parameters on the anti-bacterial activity and subsequently a computer-based, interactive visualization tool was developed. The visualization allows us to elucidate the effect of each of the parameters in combination with other parameters, on the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles. The results indicate that the toxicity of CeO2 NPs depend on the physical and chemical environment; and in a majority of the possible combinations of the nine parameters, non-lethal to the bacteria. In fact, the cerium oxide nanoparticles can decrease the anti-bacterial activity exerted by magnesium and potassium salts. 相似文献
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Cachat J Stewart A Grossman L Gaikwad S Kadri F Chung KM Wu N Wong K Roy S Suciu C Goodspeed J Elegante M Bartels B Elkhayat S Tien D Tan J Denmark A Gilder T Kyzar E Dileo J Frank K Chang K Utterback E Hart P Kalueff AV 《Nature protocols》2010,5(11):1786-1799
Several behavioral assays are currently used for high-throughput neurophenotyping and screening of genetic mutations and psychotropic drugs in zebrafish (Danio rerio). In this protocol, we describe a battery of two assays to characterize anxiety-related behavioral and endocrine phenotypes in adult zebrafish. Here, we detail how to use the 'novel tank' test to assess behavioral indices of anxiety (including reduced exploration, increased freezing behavior and erratic movement), which are quantifiable using manual registration and computer-aided video-tracking analyses. In addition, we describe how to analyze whole-body zebrafish cortisol concentrations that correspond to their behavior in the novel tank test. This protocol is an easy, inexpensive and effective alternative to other methods of measuring stress responses in zebrafish, thus enabling the rapid acquisition and analysis of large amounts of data. As will be shown here, fish anxiety-like behavior can be either attenuated or exaggerated depending on stress or drug exposure, with cortisol levels generally expected to parallel anxiety behaviors. This protocol can be completed over the course of 2 d, with a variable testing duration depending on the number of fish used. 相似文献
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Sudipta Ray Barunava Patra Aparajita Das-Chatterjee Arnab Ganguli Arun Lahiri Majumder 《Planta》2010,231(5):1211-1227
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Venus Singh Mithu Bidyut Sarkar Debanjan Bhowmik Muralidharan Chandrakesan Sudipta Maiti Perunthiruthy K. Madhu 《Biophysical journal》2011,(11):2825
Observations like high Zn2+ concentrations in senile plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients and evidences emphasizing the role of Zn2+ in amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced toxicity have triggered wide interest in understanding the nature of Zn2+-Aβ interaction. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that aggregation kinetics, toxicity, and morphology of Aβ aggregates are perturbed in the presence of Zn2+. Structural studies have revealed that Zn2+ has a binding site in the N-terminal region of monomeric Aβ, but not much is precisely known about the nature of binding of Zn2+ with aggregated forms of Aβ or its effect on the molecular structure of these aggregates. Here, we explore this aspect of the Zn2+-Aβ interaction using one- and two-dimensional 13C and 15N solid-state NMR. We find that Zn2+ causes major structural changes in the N-terminal and the loop region connecting the two β-sheets. It breaks the salt bridge between the side chains of Asp23 and Lys28 by driving these residues into nonsalt-bridge-forming conformations. However, the cross-β structure of Aβ42 aggregates remains unperturbed though the fibrillar morphology changes distinctly. We conclude that the salt bridge is not important for defining the characteristic molecular architecture of Aβ42 but is significant for determining its fibrillar morphology and toxicity. 相似文献
147.
Barua S Tripathi S Chakraborty A Ghosh S Chakrabarti K 《Indian journal of microbiology》2011,51(3):369-376
The effect of fluctuations of salinity in three different seasons on diazotrophic populations and N2 fixation in six mono cropped rice field soils of the coastal region of the Gangetic delta of West Bengal, India, was studied.
The average pH, ECe, organic carbon and total nitrogen of the soils ranged from 4.99–7.08, 2.02–19.58 dSm−1, 4.68–12.03 g kg−1 and 0.44–1.70 g kg −1, respectively. The average log colony forming units of the bacterial populations and N2-fixation in the soils varied from 4.61 to 5.86 and 2.74 to 4.52 mg N2 fixed 50 ml −1 culture media respectively, with the lowest value recorded in summer. Recovery of microorganisms and N2- fixation gradually decreased with extraneous addition of NaCl in the culture media. All the eight isolates were Gram positive,
spore and capsule formers. They could utilize glucose, sucrose, mannitol, starch, citrate and nitrate, and were catalase and
gelatinase positive, but indole, methyl red and Vogues Proskauer reaction negative. The organisms produced alkaline reaction
on TSI agar slant. The acetylene reduction assay of the isolates at 0 and 1% NaCl in the culture media were 4.51–164.52 and
1.72–100.6 nmole C2H4 ml−1 culture media in 72 h, respectively. The isolates could fix 2.42–4.45 and 2.04–4.08 mg N2 fixed 50 ml−1 culture media at 0 and 1% NaCl in the culture media respectively. 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates were similar to the
species: Bacillus sp. isolate 28A, Bacillus sp. MOLA 87, Bacillus sp. By113 (B)Ydz-dh, Bacillus sp. PN13, Bacillus licheniformis strain RH101, Bacterium Antarctica 14, Bacillus sp. PN13 and Bacillus megaterium. 相似文献
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The adsorption performance of chitosan (CS) hydrogel beads (CSBs) generated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gelation with multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) impregnation was investigated for Congo red removal as a model anionic dye. CNT-impregnated CSBs were prepared by four different strategies for dispersing CNTs: (a) in CS solution (CSBN1), (b) in SDS solution (CSBN2), (c) in CS solution containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (CSBN3), and (d) in SDS solution for gelation with CTAB-containing CS solution (CSBN4). It was observed from FE-SEM study that depending on nature of CNT dispersion, CNTs were found on the outer surface of CSBN2 and CSBN4 only. The adsorption capacity of the CSBs varied with the strategy used for CNT impregnation, and CSBN4 exhibited the highest maximum adsorption capacity (375.94 mg/g) from the Sips model. The lowest Sips maximum adsorption capacity by CSBN3 (121.07 mg/g) suggested significant blocking of binding sites of CS by CNT impregnation. 相似文献
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AbstractConventional completely mixed anaerobic treatment systems limit the chances of the different species of bacteria to spatially group together according to their mutual cooperation and as a result, show a lower efficiency and vulnerability towards shock situations. It is interesting to know about the stratification of the different bacterial species participating in the degradation process and the intermediates that they produce. In this study, we established and optimized a two-phase anaerobic packed bed biofilm reactor system (AnPBR) with porous PVA gel beads used as bio-carriers and ran the reactor system in a steady state to observe the VFAs produced along with the microbial diversity of the predominant species at different stages of the reactor system. We observed that acetate and butyrate were the predominant intermediate VFAs while concentrations of other VFAs such that propionic acid were low. Acetobacterium and Clostridium were found to be the most abundant bacterial species in acidogenic reactor while methanogenic reactor was highly enriched with Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina. Apart from the above, syntrophic populations such as Syntrophobactor wolinii were also observed to be dominant in both the reactors – especially towards the end of acidogenic reactor and the initial part of the methanogenic reactor. 相似文献
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