羌活与宽叶羌活的群体遗传结构和种间分化研究

为了合理利用羌活和宽叶羌活的药用植物资源,同时保护其物种多样性,该研究利用SSR分子标记技术对羌活与宽叶羌活邻域及异域分布的23个自然种群,共计227个个体进行多样性和种间分化研究.结果显示:(1)两个物种具有中等水平的遗传多样性;羌活的平均等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)和期望杂合度(He)分别为2.603...     

Centenary of I.P. Pavlov's Madrid speech (April, 1903): Subjective aspect of mental activity as an object of system analysis

The main pathstones of methodological approaches to objective exploration of mental activity outlined by I.P. Pavlov in 1903, in particular, such its features as the ability to forsee the results, expediency, reasonable character, and adaptivity of behavior are considered. Stages of methodological perfection of investigations of the inner (mental) states of living organisms, semantic transformation of conditioned reflex, conditioning of the first and second orders, systems of conditioned reflexes, psychonervous activity, causal and extrapolative reflexes are analyzed. The significance of the development of the theory of the functional system by P.K. Anokhin and the modern state of its understanding are shown. The functional significance and neurophysiologic mechanisms of movement task, programming, motivation, memory engram, reinforcement etc. is discussed.     

Gene c-Fos expression in brain of rats resistant and predisposed to emotional stress after intraperitoneal injection of the ACTH(4-10)analog--semax

The effect of the ACTH(4-10) analog Semax on immediate early gene c-Fos expression was studied in Wistar rats with high and low resistance to emotional stress under the usual conditions and during psychoemotional loading. Fos-immunoreactive cells in the were counted automatically with the help of a computer. It was shown that under the usual conditions the intraperitoneal Semax injection induced immediate early gene c-Fos expression in the lateral septal region in rats predisposed to emotional stress and in the paraventricular hypothalamus in rats of both groups. Preliminary Semax injection decreased the stress-induced c-Fos expression in the paraventricular hypothalamus and medial septum in rats predisposed to emotional stress and tended to reduce the number of stress-induced c-Fos-immunopositive cells in the lateral septum and basolateral amygdala in both groups of animals. The obtained data suggest that Semax differently affects the immediate early c-Fos gene expression in the brain of rats resistant and predisposed to emotional stress and this effect reflects the antistressor properties of the regulatory peptide.     

The systems organization of human functions: the theoretical aspects

On the basis of the theory of functional systems, suggested by P. K. Anokhin, leading principals of system organization of human functions are regarded. General characteristics of functional systems are stated. Some peculiarities of intrasystem and intersystem organization of functional systems of human organism are discovered. The role of functional systems in organization of normal human live activity as well as under psychoemotional stress and pathology is shown. System principals of compensation of disordered functions during rehabilitation of persons undergone stresses and ecologically unfavorable loads are considered.     

c-fos Gene expression during emotional stress in rats: blocking by delta sleep-inducing peptide

An emotional stress induces an obvious immediate early gene c-fos expression in the brain limbic structures in the rats predisposed to emotional stress. Administration of the delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) was shown to inhibit the c-fos expression. It led to an obvious inhibition of the c-fos expression in paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, medial and lateral parts of the septum of rats predisposed to emotional stress. This mechanism seems to play an important role in the DSIP anti-stress effects.     

Vasoactive peptides in the structure of defensive motivational excitation

In experiments on rabbits, the action was studied of vasoactive peptides angiotensin-II, bradykinin and lysyl-vasopressin, injected into the brain ventricles, on a passive defensive reaction to electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus. It was found that angiotensin-II and lysyl-vasopressin had a pronounced inhibitory influence, while bradykinin had a facilitatory effect on this reaction. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus predominantly facilitated reactions of individual neurones of the sensorimotor cortex to angiotensin-II and bradykinin. Intraperitoneal injection of P-substance to rats in conditions of an acute conflict situation producing an emotional stress, brought about a significant diminution of sudden death incidence from cardiovascular insufficiency.