排序方式: 共有95条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Gabriel Alcoba Carlos Ochoa Sara Babo Martins Rafael Ruiz de Castaeda Isabelle Bolon Franck Wanda Eric Comte Manish Subedi Bhupendra Shah Anup Ghimire Etienne Gignoux Francisco Luquero Armand Seraphin Nkwescheu Sanjib Kumar Sharma Franois Chappuis Nicolas Ray 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2021,15(2)
BackgroundWorldwide, it is estimated that snakes bite 4.5–5.4 million people annually, 2.7 million of which are envenomed, and 81,000–138,000 die. The World Health Organization reported these estimates and recognized the scarcity of large-scale, community-based, epidemiological data. In this context, we developed the “Snake-Byte” project that aims at (i) quantifying and mapping the impact of snakebite on human and animal health, and on livelihoods, (ii) developing predictive models for medical, ecological and economic indicators, and (iii) analyzing geographic accessibility to healthcare. This paper exclusively describes the methodology we developed to collect large-scale primary data on snakebite in humans and animals in two hyper-endemic countries, Cameroon and Nepal.Methodology/Principal findingsWe compared available methods on snakebite epidemiology and on multi-cluster survey development. Then, in line with those findings, we developed an original study methodology based on a multi-cluster random survey, enhanced by geospatial, One Health, and health economics components. Using a minimum hypothesized snakebite national incidence of 100/100,000/year and optimizing design effect, confidence level, and non-response margin, we calculated a sample of 61,000 people per country. This represented 11,700 households in Cameroon and 13,800 in Nepal. The random selection with probability proportional to size generated 250 clusters from all Cameroonian regions and all Nepalese Terai districts. Our household selection methodology combined spatial randomization and selection via high-resolution satellite images. After ethical approval in Switerland (CCER), Nepal (BPKIHS), and Cameroon (CNERSH), and informed written consent, our e-questionnaires included geolocated baseline demographic and socio-economic characteristics, snakebite clinical features and outcomes, healthcare expenditure, animal ownership, animal outcomes, snake identification, and service accessibility.Conclusions/SignificanceThis novel transdisciplinary survey methodology was subsequently used to collect countrywide snakebite envenoming data in Nepal and Cameroon. District-level incidence data should help health authorities to channel antivenom and healthcare allocation. This methodology, or parts thereof, could be easily adapted to other countries and to other Neglected Tropical Diseases. 相似文献
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Chongwen Li Zhaoning Song Dewei Zhao Chuanxiao Xiao Biwas Subedi Niraj Shrestha Maxwell M. Junda Changlei Wang Chun‐Sheng Jiang Mowafak Al‐Jassim Randy J. Ellingson Nikolas J. Podraza Kai Zhu Yanfa Yan 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(3)
The unsatisfactory performance of low‐bandgap mixed tin (Sn)–lead (Pb) halide perovskite subcells has been one of the major obstacles hindering the progress of the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. By analyzing dark‐current density and distribution, it is identified that charge recombination at grain boundaries is a key factor limiting the performance of low‐bandgap mixed Sn–Pb halide perovskite subcells. It is further found that bromine (Br) incorporation can effectively passivate grain boundaries and lower the dark current density by two–three orders of magnitude. By optimizing the Br concentration, low‐bandgap (1.272 eV) mixed Sn–Pb halide perovskite solar cells are fabricated with open‐circuit voltage deficits as low as 0.384 V and fill factors as high as 75%. The best‐performing device demonstrates a PCE of >19%. The results suggest an important direction for improving the performance of low‐bandgap mixed Sn–Pb halide perovskite solar cells. 相似文献
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Yue Yuan Lalita Subedi Daesung Lim Jae-Kyung Jung Sun Yeou Kim Seung-Yong Seo 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2019,29(2):329-333
Novel isoxazole and pyrazole analogs based on natural biphenyl-neolignan honokiol were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 microglial cells. The isoxazole skeleton was constructed via nitrile oxide cycloaddition from oxime 3 and pyrazole was generated by condensation of 4-chromone and alkylhydrazine. Among the analogs, 13b and 14a showed stronger inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 8.9 and 1.2?µM, respectively, than honokiol. 相似文献
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Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are pore forming proteins predominantly found in the outer mitochondrial membrane and are thought to transport Ca(2+). In this study, we have investigated the possible role of type 2 VDAC (VDAC2) in cardiac Ca(2+) signaling and Ca(2+) sparks using a lentiviral knock-down (KD) technique and two-dimensional confocal Ca(2+) imaging in immortalized autorhythmic adult atrial cells, HL-1. We confirmed high expression of VDAC2 protein in ventricular, atrial, and HL-1 cells using Western blot analysis. Infection of HL-1 cells with VDAC2-targeting lentivirus reduced the level of VDAC2 protein to ~10%. Comparisons of autorhythmic Ca(2+) transients between wild-type (WT) and VDAC2 KD cells showed no significant change in the magnitude, decay, and beating rate of the Ca(2+) transients. Caffeine (10mM)-induced Ca(2+) release, which indicates sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content, was not altered by VDAC2 KD. Interestingly, however, the intensity, width, and duration of the individual Ca(2+) sparks were significantly increased by VDAC2 KD in resting conditions, with no change in the frequency of sparks. VDAC2 KD significantly delayed mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake during artificial Ca(2+) pulses in permeabilized HL-1 cells. These results suggest that VDAC2 may facilitate mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and restrict Ca(2+) spark expansion without regulating activations of sparks under resting conditions, thereby providing evidence on the functional role of VDAC2 in cardiac local Ca(2+) signaling. 相似文献
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Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) is already known to be highly expressed in the brain, and is found in many other tissues, including the atrium of the
heart. Although the complete primary structure of IP3R1 in the rat brain has been reported, the complete sequence of an IP3R1 clone from atrial myocytes has not been reported. We isolated an IP3R1 complementary DNA (cDNA) clone from isolated adult rat atrial myocytes, and found a new splice variant of IP3R1 that was different from a previously reported IP3R1 cDNA clone obtained from a rat brain (NCBI GenBank accession number: NM_001007235). Our clone had 99% similarity with the
rat brain IP3R1 sequence; the exceptions were 39 amino acid deletions at the position of 1693–1731, and the deletion of phenylalanine at
position 1372 that lay in the regulatory region. Compared with the rat brain IP3R1, in our clone proline was replaced with serine at residue 2439, and alanine was substituted for valine at residue 2445.
These changes lie adjacent to or within the fifth transmembrane domain (2440–2462). Although such changes in the amino acid
sequences were different from the rat brain IP3R1 clone, they were conserved in human or mouse IP3R1. We produced a plasmid
construct expressing the atrial IP3R1 together with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and successfully overexpressed the atrial
IP3R1 in the adult atrial cell line HL-1. Further investigation is needed on the physiological significance of the new splice
variant in atrial cell function. 相似文献
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Ashok Kumar Ram Samrat Mondol Naresh Subedi Babu Ram Lamichhane Hem Sagar Baral Laxminarayanan Natarajan Rajan Amin Bivash Pandav 《Ecology and evolution》2021,11(17):11639
Attacks on humans by Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is an extreme form of human–elephant conflict. It is a serious issue in southern lowland Nepal where elephant‐related human fatalities are higher than other wildlife. Detailed understanding of elephant attacks on humans in Nepal is still lacking, hindering to devising appropriate strategies for human–elephant conflict mitigation. This study documented spatiotemporal pattern of elephant attacks on humans, factors associated with the attacks, and human/elephant behavior contributing to deaths of victims when attacked. We compiled all the documented incidences of elephant attacks on humans in Nepal for last 20 years across Terai and Chure region of Nepal. We also visited and interviewed 412 victim families (274 fatalities and 138 injuries) on elephant attacks. Majority of the victims were males (87.86%) and had low level of education. One fourth of the elephant attacks occurred while chasing the elephants. Solitary bulls or group of subadult males were involved in most of the attack. We found higher number of attacks outside the protected area. People who were drunk and chasing elephants using firecrackers were more vulnerable to the fatalities. In contrast, chasing elephants using fire was negatively associated with the fatalities. Elephant attacks were concentrated in proximity of forests primarily affecting the socioeconomically marginalized communities. Integrated settlement, safe housing for marginalized community, and community grain house in the settlement should be promoted to reduce the confrontation between elephants and humans in entire landscape for their long‐term survival. 相似文献
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Urmila Dyola Chitra Bahadur Baniya Pushpa Raj Acharya Pradip Subedi Anjeela Pandey Kumar Sapkota 《Ecology and evolution》2022,12(3)
Insect pollinators are important means for a stable ecosystem. The habitat types play a crucial role in the community composition, abundance, diversity, and species richness of the pollinators. The present study in Shivapuri‐Nagarjun National Park explored the species richness and abundances of insect pollinators in four different habitats and different environmental variables in determining the community composition of the pollinators. Data were collected from 1,500 m to 2,700 m using color pan traps and hand sweeping methods. Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) were conducted to show the association between insect pollinators and environmental variables. The results firmly demonstrated that species richness and abundances were higher (158) in Open trail compared to other habitats. The distribution of the pollinator species was more uniform in the Open trail followed by the Grassland. Similarly, a strong positive correlation between flower resources and pollinators'' abundance (R2 = .63, P < .001) was found. In conclusion, the Open trail harbors rich insect pollinators in lower elevation. The community structure of the pollinators was strongly influenced by the presence of flowers in the trails. 相似文献
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