A preliminary systematic study of Dioscorea L. sect. Stenophora Uline

The synthetic studies on the external morphology, cytology, pollen morphology and phytochemistry of the Sect. Stenophora Uline of Dioscorea L. give the evidence to their phylogenetic relationships and indicate that this section is a primitive natural group of this genus, characterized by: 1. The horizonal and perennial subterranean rhizome, while the members of other sections bear annual or perennial vertical tubers. 2. Most of its species are diploids, while the species of other sections are polyploids. 3. The pollen grain is monocolpate, the ornamentation of the exine is reticulate or granulate-striate, while those of the other sections are bicolpate, reticulate. 4. All the species in this section contain steroidal sapogenin, while the members of other sections are devoid of sapogenin. According to R. Knuth's classification (1924), N. N. FepacNMeHKo (1972) suggested that no apparent relationship was found in the distribution of steroidal sapogenin to the species of Dioscorea, our studies on the Sect. Stenophora showed the disagreement to his conclusions. Regarding the systematic position of section and species, we suggest Burkill's Sect. Illigerestrum should be cancelded, the species D. simulans erroneously put into Sect. Illigerestrum by Burkill (1936) be to the Sect. Stenophora. We also suggest that D. tentaculigera Prain et Burk. of Sect. Stenophora as treated by Burkill should be transferred to Sect. Shannicorea. The classification and nomenclature of the species D. zingiberensis Wright and D. nipponica Makino are also discussed. Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug. Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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Biofilm formation on copper and its control by inhibitor/biocide in cooling water environment

The present study has successfully identified the nitrate reducing bacteria present in the cooling water system and also investigated the performance of industrially applied biocide and inhibitor on the bacterial inhibition. In order to carry out the objective of this study, facilities and methods such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Lowry assay, SEM, EIS, ICP-MS and weight loss analysis were being utilized. In this study, two out of the five morphologically dis- similar colonies identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, namely the Massilia timonae and the Pseudomonas, were being utilized in the biocorrosion study on copper metal. From the surface analysis using SEM demonstrated the phenomenon of biofilm formation on the copper surface. 2-methylbenzimidazole has the addition of methyl group in the diazole ring position of benzimidazole it has create basicity environment and inhibit the metal deterioration. Meanwhile, it is also deducible from the EIS and protein analysis that com- bination of biocide with either of the inhibitors gives rise to better biocorrosion suppression (0.00178 mpy and 0.00171mpy) as compared to the sole effect of either biocide or inhibitor (0.00219 mpy, 0.00162 and 0.00143). Biocorrosion system biocide with MBM was found to exhibit 65% corrosion inhibition efficiency. Moreover, adoption of 2-Methylbenzimidazole seems to display better performance as compared to Multionic 8151, which is adopted in cooling water system.     

不同品系椰扁甲啮小蜂寄生对2种寄主脂肪体组织的影响

【目的】探究不同品系椰扁甲啮小蜂(水椰八角铁甲繁育的Tb-On品系,椰心叶甲繁育的Tb-Bl品系)寄生对水椰八角铁甲和椰心叶甲蛹脂滴形态的影响,为解析该蜂调控靶标寄主脂肪体代谢过程提供科学依据。【方法】利用油红O染色观察椰扁甲啮小蜂幼体内脂滴以及被寄生的水椰八角铁甲和椰心叶甲蛹脂肪体组织结构的动态变化。【结果】在相同发育时段(在寄主体内分别发育至48、72和96 h)内,Tb-On品系与Tb-Bl品系幼体脂滴的形态及分布无明显区别,在发育早期仅头部及表皮可见少量脂滴,随着发育时间的延长,脂滴逐渐充满整个幼体体腔。不同品系椰扁甲啮小蜂分别寄生同一种类寄主时,不同处理寄主间的脂肪体组织结构变化无明显差异;但同一品系椰扁甲啮小蜂寄生不同寄主时,不同处理寄主间的脂肪体组织结构变化存在明显差异,水椰八角铁甲蛹被寄生后24 h脂滴逐步裂解,脂滴的染色面积上升而光密度值下降,而椰心叶甲蛹在被寄生后48 h其体内的脂滴才逐步裂解。随着寄生蜂幼体的不断发育,2种寄主蛹内脂滴染色面积和光密度值均呈持续下降趋势,脂滴着色逐渐变浅甚至消失。【结论】不同品系椰扁甲啮小蜂幼体脂滴的形态及分布在相同发育时段内无明显区别;被同一品系椰扁甲啮小蜂寄生后,水椰八角铁甲蛹脂肪体组织的裂解早于椰心叶甲,裂解出的脂滴可为椰扁甲啮小蜂幼体的生长发育提供脂类营养物质来源。     

Identification and Inhibitory Mechanism of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Bovine Hemoglobin

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE, EC.3.4.15.1) inhibitory peptide is an efficacious therapy for hypertension. In this study, four dipeptides, TY, FD, FL and FG, were identified from the desalted fraction of bovine hemoglobin hydrolysate, obtained by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion, via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The IC₅₀ value of TY and FL are 96.43?±?6.17 and 290.66?±?57.92 μM, respectively. The result of molecular docking indicated that TY occupied the ACE subsite S1 and S1′ with a lowest estimated binding energy of ?9.96 Kcal/mol, while FL occupied the subsite S5 with a lowest estimated binding energy of ?9.37 Kcal/mol. The subsite S1′ and S2′ are closer to the ACE active center (Zn²⁺) than S5, and the lowest estimated binding energy of TY is lower than that of FL. This work provided new ACE-inhibitory peptides derived from bovine hemoglobin hydrolysate and explained their inhibitory mechanism.     

Alternative splicing variants of human Fbx4 disturb cyclin D1 proteolysis in human cancer

Fbx4 is a specific substrate recognition component of SCF ubiquitin ligases that catalyzes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of cyclin D1 and Trx1. Two isoforms of human Fbx4 protein, the full length Fbx4α and the C-terminal truncated Fbx4β have been identified, but their functions remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that the mRNA level of Fbx4 was significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues than that in the corresponding non-tumor tissues. More importantly, we identified three novel splicing variants of Fbx4: Fbx4γ (missing 168–245nt of exon1), Fbx4δ (missing exon6) and a N-terminal reading frame shift variant (missing exon2). Using cloning sequencing and RT-PCR, we demonstrated these novel splice variants are much more abundant in human cancer tissues and cell lines than that in normal tissues. When expressed in Sk-Hep1 and NIH3T3 cell lines, Fbx4β, Fbx4γ and Fbx4δ could promote cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Concordantly, these isoforms could disrupt cyclin D1 degradation and therefore increase cyclin D1 expression. Moreover, unlike the full-length isoform Fbx4α that mainly exists in cytoplasm, Fbx4β, Fbx4γ, and Fbx4δ locate in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Since cyclin D1 degradation takes place in cytoplasm, the nuclear distribution of these Fbx4 isoforms may not be involved in the down-regulation of cytoplasmic cyclin D1. These results define the impact of alternative splicing on Fbx4 function, and suggest that the attenuated cyclin D1 degradation by these novel Fbx4 isoforms provides a new insight for aberrant cyclin D1 expression in human cancers.     

天竺桂凋落叶添加对凤仙花生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验,通过向土壤(每盆8kg)中添加0(CK)、20(L20)、40(L40)和80g·pot-1(L80)天竺桂(Cinnamomum japonicum)凋落叶,模拟其自然分解对凤仙花(Impatiens balsamina)生理特性的影响。结果显示:(1)天竺桂凋落叶处理显著增加了凤仙花现蕾前期和现蕾期叶片H2O2含量,同时显著抑制了凤仙花现蕾前期、现蕾期和盛花期超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。(2)凋落叶添加处理显著增加了凤仙花现蕾前期抗坏血酸(ASA)含量,但现蕾期和盛花期ASA含量却显著下降。(3)添加凋落物处理显著降低了现蕾前凤仙花叶片MDA含量,但显著增加了现蕾期MDA含量,而盛花期MDA含量在L20、L80处理下显著降低,在L40处理下则显著增加。(4)天竺桂凋落叶添加对可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖两种渗透调节物质含量影响不显著。(5)凋落叶处理显著抑制了凤仙花地径生长和地上生物量积累。(6)天竺桂凋落叶中主要化感物质可能有香豆素、桉叶油醇、肉桂醛、反式石竹烯和松油醇等。研究认为,非酶促活性氧清除系统可能在凤仙花抵御化感物质氧化胁迫过程中发挥着比酶促系统更为重要的作用,其中的ASA在氧化胁迫的早期过程扮演着重要角色;天竺桂凋落叶添加处理所造成的氧化胁迫可能超过了两类活性氧清除系统的清除能力,对凤仙花膜系统造成明显伤害,导致其地径和生物量积累显著降低。