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51.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the lemur beta-globin gene family: evidence for major rate fluctuations in globin polypeptide evolution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lemur beta-related globin genes have been isolated and sequenced. Orthology
of prosimian and human epsilon-, gamma-, and beta-related globin genes was
established by dot-matrix analysis. All of these lemur globin genes
potentially encode functional beta-related globin polypeptides, though
precisely when the gamma-globin gene is expressed remains unknown. The
organization of the 18-kb brown lemur beta-globin gene cluster (5'
epsilon-gamma-[psi eta-delta]-beta 3') is consistent with its evolution by
contraction via unequal crossing-over from the putative ancestral mammalian
beta-globin gene cluster (5' epsilon-gamma- eta-delta-beta 3'). The dwarf
lemur nonadult globin genes are arranged as in the brown lemur. Similar
levels of synonymous (silent) nucleotide substitutions and noncoding DNA
sequence differences have accumulated between species in all of these
genes, suggesting a uniform rate of noncoding DNA divergence throughout
primate beta-globin gene clusters. These differences are comparable with
those observed in the nonfunctional psi eta pseudogene and have therefore
accumulated at the presumably maximal neutral rate. In contrast,
nonsynonymous (replacement) nucleotide substitutions show a significant
heterogeneity in distribution for both the same gene in different lineages
and different genes in the same lineage. These major fluctuations in
replacement but not silent substitution rates cannot be attributed to
changes in mutation rate, suggesting that changes in the rate of globin
polypeptide evolution in primates is not governed solely by variable
mutation rates.
相似文献
52.
K Stromberg W R Hudgins C M Fryling P Hazarika J R Dedman R L Pardue W R Hargreaves D N Orth 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》1986,32(4):247-259
Extracts of serum-free conditioned medium from human rhabdomyosarcoma A673 cells contain high molecular weight (HMW) transforming growth factors (TGFs) that can be partially purified by Bio-Gel P-100 and carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose chromatography (Todaro et al: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:5258, 1980). Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed a principal peak of epidermal growth factor (EGF) radioreceptor assay (RRA) activity and anchorage-independent growth (AIG) activity that coeluted with 25-26% acetonitrile. If a trailing shoulder of EGF RRA activity from the CM-C chromatography was included in the material for HPLC analysis, additional active fractions were observed at 21-22% acetonitrile. Importantly, both active regions from HPLC failed to compete in radioimmunoassays under reduced and denatured conditions for human EGF (hEGF), human TGF-alpha (hTGF-alpha), or rat TGF-alpha (rTGF-alpha) and failed to give positive signals in Western blots under conditions in which TGF-alpha was readily detected when using an antisera raised against the 17 C-terminal amino acids of rTGF-alpha. Nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed EGF RRA and AIG activities in gel slices corresponding to Mr 15,000 and 22,000 in the 25-26% acetonitrile eluate and Mr 15,000, 20,000, 27,000, and 48,000 in the 21-22% acetonitrile eluate. The presence of multiple forms of EGF-receptor-binding peptides produced in vitro suggest size heterogeneity and possible immunologic diversity among high molecular weight members of the EGF/TGF-alpha family of growth-promoting polypeptides. 相似文献
53.
Stromberg N. O.; Dahlback G. O.; Gustafsson P. M. 《Journal of applied physiology》1993,74(3):1206-1211
54.
A membrane osmometer for microliter samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
55.
B V Stromberg 《Plastic and reconstructive surgery》1987,80(1):104-107
A study has been undertaken to objectively evaluate the available surgical marking pens. Representative samples were requested from manufacturers of marking pens. Standardized skin preparations were utilized in accordance with the recommendation of the manufacturer of the skin-preparation substance (Betadine, pHisoHex, Hibiclens). Evaluation of the marking pens was done by the ability to make an easily discernible mark and maintain this ability over a 1-year storage interval. Objective evaluation demonstrated a marked variation in effectiveness of the marking pens. Consideration of skin-preparation solutions and types of marking pens are discussed. 相似文献
56.
Stomata regulate gas exchange and their closure in response to pathogens may, in some cases, contribute to resistance. However, in the cereal mildew and rust systems, stomatal closure follows establishment of compatible infections. In incompatible systems, expression of major (R) gene controlled hypersensitive responses (HR), causes drastic, permanent stomatal dysfunction: stomata become locked open following powdery mildew attack and locked shut following rust attack. Thus, stomatal locking can be a hitherto unsuspected negative consequence of R gene resistance that carries a physiological cost affecting plant performance.Key Words: stomata, rust, mildew, hypersensitive response, stomatal lock-up 相似文献
57.
Salvador Casares Eiso AB Henk Eshuis Obdulio Lopez-Mayorga Nico AJ van Nuland Francisco Conejero-Lara 《BMC structural biology》2007,7(1):22
Background
SH3 domains are small protein modules of 60–85 amino acids that bind to short proline-rich sequences with moderate-to-low affinity and specificity. Interactions with SH3 domains play a crucial role in regulation of many cellular processes (some are related to cancer and AIDS) and have thus been interesting targets in drug design. The decapeptide APSYSPPPPP (p41) binds with relatively high affinity to the SH3 domain of the Abl tyrosine kinase (Abl-SH3), while it has a 100 times lower affinity for the α-spectrin SH3 domain (Spc-SH3). 相似文献58.
Jacqueline M. Benson Jesse A. Poland Brent M. Benson Erik L. Stromberg Rebecca J. Nelson 《PLoS genetics》2015,11(3)
Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis and Cercospora zeina, is one of the most important diseases of maize worldwide. The pathogen has a necrotrophic lifestyle and no major genes are known for GLS. Quantitative resistance, although poorly understood, is important for GLS management. We used genetic mapping to refine understanding of the genetic architecture of GLS resistance and to develop hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying quantitative disease resistance (QDR) loci. Nested association mapping (NAM) was used to identify 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for QDR to GLS, including seven novel QTL, each of which demonstrated allelic series with significant effects above and below the magnitude of the B73 reference allele. Alleles at three QTL, qGLS1.04, qGLS2.09, and qGLS4.05, conferred disease reductions of greater than 10%. Interactions between loci were detected for three pairs of loci, including an interaction between iqGLS4.05 and qGLS7.03. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed to confirm and fine-map three of the 16 QTL, and to develop hypotheses regarding mechanisms of resistance. qGLS1.04 was fine-mapped from an interval of 27.0 Mb to two intervals of 6.5 Mb and 5.2 Mb, consistent with the hypothesis that multiple genes underlie highly significant QTL identified by NAM. qGLS2.09, which was also associated with maturity (days to anthesis) and with resistance to southern leaf blight, was narrowed to a 4-Mb interval. The distance between major leaf veins was strongly associated with resistance to GLS at qGLS4.05. NILs for qGLS1.04 were treated with the C. zeae-maydis toxin cercosporin to test the role of host-specific toxin in QDR. Cercosporin exposure increased expression of a putative flavin-monooxygenase (FMO) gene, a candidate detoxification-related gene underlying qGLS1.04. This integrated approach to confirming QTL and characterizing the potential underlying mechanisms advances the understanding of QDR and will facilitate the development of resistant varieties. 相似文献
59.
Ephemeral reaches are common along desert rivers but are less well studied than those with perennial stream flow. This study
contrasted riparian plant species richness and composition (extant vegetation and soil seed bank) between stream reaches with
different low-flow conditions (perennial vs. ephemeral flow) but similar flood patterns and similar watershed-derived species
pools. Data were collected at Cienega Creek (Arizona, USA) over a 2 year period spanning drought conditions and wetter conditions.
Consistent with expectations relating to water limitation effects on diversity, species richness in the riparian zone was
lower at ephemeral-flow sites during a season with minimal precipitation and no overbank flooding; under these conditions,
the more permanent water sources of the perennial-flow sites sustain the larger number of species. During seasons with greater
precipitation and elevated stream flows, in contrast, species richness at ephemeral-flow sites increased to levels at or slightly
above those of perennial-flow sites. For values pooled across two wet seasons of a calendar year, year-round richness was
greater at the two ephemeral-flow sites (total of 92 vascular plant species) than at the two perennial-flow sites (68 species).
This greater year-round richness was a combination of multiple factors: greater light, space, and bare ground, a diverse soil
seed bank (with the seed banks equally species-rich among hydrologic types), and moderately abundant precipitation and flooding
sufficient to stimulate establishment of opportunistic species (mainly annuals) during the bimodal wet seasons. These results
indicate that long-term patterns of site water availability, by influencing woody plant cover, mediate the diversity response
to episodic water pulses in dryland rivers. The results also have implications for riparian conservation efforts, which to
date have focused primarily on perennial stream reaches: ephemeral reaches of spatially intermittent rivers harbor many riparian
plant species, and warrant conservation efforts, as well. 相似文献