全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1129篇 |
免费 | 95篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 33篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 44篇 |
2013年 | 66篇 |
2012年 | 87篇 |
2011年 | 66篇 |
2010年 | 52篇 |
2009年 | 27篇 |
2008年 | 47篇 |
2007年 | 48篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 55篇 |
2004年 | 50篇 |
2003年 | 40篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 43篇 |
2000年 | 43篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
1964年 | 4篇 |
1955年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1224条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
41.
Darío C. Colautti Leandro Miranda Mariano Gonzalez-Castro Vanina Villanova Carlos A. Strüssmann Miguel Mancini Tomas Maiztegui Gustavo Berasain Ricardo Hattori Fabian Grosman Pablo Sanzano Ismael Lozano Sabina L. Vegh Victor Salinas Omar Del Ponti Pamela del Fresno Priscila Minotti Yoji Yamamoto Claudio R. M. Baigún 《Journal of fish biology》2020,96(1):202-216
In South America, the order Atheriniformes includes the monophyletic genus Odontesthes with 20 species that inhabit freshwater, estuarine and coastal environments. Pejerrey Odontesthes argentinensis is widely distributed in coastal and estuarine areas of the Atlantic Ocean and is known to foray into estuaries of river systems, particularly in conditions of elevated salinity. However, to our knowledge, a landlocked self-sustaining population has never been recorded. In this study, we examined the pejerrey population of Salada de Pedro Luro Lake (south-east of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) to clarify its taxonomic identity. An integrative taxonomic analysis based on traditional meristic, landmark-based morphometrics and genetic techniques suggests that the Salada de Pedro Luro pejerrey population represents a novel case of physiological and morphological adaptation of a marine pejerrey species to a landlocked environment and emphasises the environmental plasticity of this group of fishes. 相似文献
42.
John Fredrik Strøm Eva Bonsak Thorstad Audun Håvard Rikardsen 《Journal of fish biology》2020,96(2):327-336
The year-round thermal habitat at sea for adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (n = 49) from northern Norway was investigated using archival tags over a 10 year study period. During their ocean feeding migration, the fish spent 90% of the time in waters with temperatures from 1.6–8.4°C. Daily mean temperatures ranged from −0.5 to 12.9°C, with daily temperature variation up to 9.6°C. Fish experienced the coldest water during winter (November–March) and the greatest thermal range during the first summer at sea (July–August). Trends in sea-surface temperatures influenced the thermal habitat of salmon during late summer and autumn (August–October), with fish experiencing warmer temperatures in warmer years. This pattern was absent during winter (November–March), when daily mean temperatures ranged from 3.4–5.0°C, in both colder and warmer years. The observations of a constant thermal habitat during winter in both warmer and colder years, may suggest that the ocean distribution of salmon is flexible and that individual migration routes could shift as a response to spatiotemporal alterations of favourable prey fields and ocean temperatures. 相似文献
43.
Toxoplasma gondii nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) 1 was crystallized in an intermediate tetrameric conformation. The crystal structure is similar to that of T. gondii NTPDase3 and represents an inactive conformation as the activating disulfide bridge is not reduced and the active site cleft between the two domains of each monomer is open. However, the arrangement of the monomers within the tetramer differs from that of the inactive form of NTPDase3 and may represent an intermediate conformation on the path of the closure motion of the tetramer induced upon activation. Proteins 2013; 81:1271–1276. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
44.
45.
Geoffrey Guest Francesco Cherubini Anders Hammer Strømman 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2013,5(4):459-466
Bioenergy makes up a significant portion of the global primary energy pie, and its production from modernized technology is foreseen to substantially increase. The climate neutrality of biogenic CO2 emissions from bioenergy grown from sustainably managed biomass resource pools has recently been questioned. The temporary change caused in atmospheric CO2 concentration from biogenic carbon fluxes was found to be largely dependent on the length of biomass rotation period. In this work, we also show the importance of accounting for the unutilized biomass that is left to decompose in the resource pool and how the characterization factor for the climate impact of biogenic CO2 emissions changes whether residues are removed for bioenergy or not. With the case of Norwegian Spruce biomass grown in Norway, we found that significantly more biogenic CO2 emissions should be accounted towards contributing to global warming potential when residues are left in the forest. For a 100‐year time horizon, the global warming potential bio factors suggest that between 44 and 62% of carbon‐flux, neutral biogenic CO2 emissions at the energy conversion plant should be attributed to causing equivalent climate change potential as fossil‐based CO2 emissions. For a given forest residue extraction scenario, the same factor should be applied to the combustion of any combination of stem and forest residues. Life cycle analysis practitioners should take these impacts into account and similar region/species specific factors should be developed. 相似文献
46.
47.
48.
Anmol Kumar Jaakko Kopra K?rt Varendi Lauriina L. Porokuokka Anne Panhelainen Satu Kuure Pepin Marshall Nina Karalija Mari-Anne H?rma Carolina Vilenius Kersti Lillev?li Triin Tekko Jelena Mijatovic Nita Pulkkinen Madis Jakobson Maili Jakobson Roxana Ola Erik Palm Maria Lindahl Ingrid Str?mberg Vootele V?ikar T. Petteri Piepponen Mart Saarma Jaan-Olle Andressoo 《PLoS genetics》2016,12(1)
49.
Background
Zona pellucida binding assays (ZBAs) have proven useful in determining the fertilising ability of spermatozoa in several species. Most ZBAs use fresh or salt-stored oocytes collected from fresh ovaries but because ovaries are not easy to obtain on a regular basis, chilled and frozen-thawed ovaries have been tested, with varying results. The present study tested the hypothesis that cat spermatozoa, either fresh or frozen-thawed, can bind to homologous zona pellucida of oocytes retrieved from frozen-thawed queen ovaries to a similar extent as they can bind to the zona pellucida of fresh, in vitro matured oocytes.Methods
Ovaries were collected from queens after routine ovario-hysterectomy and either stored in NaCl at -20°C until use (treatment animals), or used fresh (controls). Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were retrieved by ovarian slicing from either source and used directly (immature oocytes from frozen-thawed ovaries; treatment animals) or after in vitro maturation (IVM) (fresh ovaries; controls) for 24 hours in TCM 199, supplemented with 1 IU hCG/mL and 0.5 IU eCG/mL and 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA). The oocytes were incubated for 4 hours in 5% CO2 in air at 38°C and 100% humidity in the presence of 5 × 106 fresh or frozen-thawed spermatozoa/mL. Representative samples of oocytes were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results
Both fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa bound to the in vitro matured zona pellucida but significantly fewer, or no, spermatozoa bound to frozen-thawed, immature zona pellucida (P < 0.001). Also, more fresh spermatozoa than frozen-thawed spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida (P < 0.001). The zona pellucida surface differed in morphology (SEM), with in vitro matured oocytes showing a dense surface with few fenestrations in contrast to their frozen-thawed, immature counterparts, where fenestrations were conspicuously larger.Conclusion
In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study, immature oocytes recovered from ovaries frozen immersed in NaCl at -20°C are less suitable for use in feline ZBA. 相似文献50.
MegaPlex PCR: a strategy for multiplex amplification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
'MegaPlex PCR' is a robust technology for highly multiplexed amplification of specific DNA sequences. It uses target-specific pairs of PCR primers that are physically separated by surface immobilization. Initial surface-based amplification cycles are then coupled to efficient solution-phase PCR using one common primer pair. We demonstrate this method by co-amplifying and genotyping 75 unselected human single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. 相似文献