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141.
Models for coupling of salt and water transport; Proximal tubular reabsorption in Necturus kidney 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Models for coupling of salt and water transport are developed with two important assumptions appropriate for leaky epithelia. (a) The tight junction is permeable to both sale and water. (b) Active Na transport into the lateral speces is assumed to occur uniformly along the length of the channel. The proposed models deal specifically with the intraepithelial mechanism of proximal tubular resbsorption in the Necturus kidney although they have implications for epithelial transport in the gallbladder and small intestine as well. The first model (continuous version) is similar to the standing gradient model devised by Diamond and Bossert but used different boundary conditions. In contrast to Diamond and Bossert's model, the predicted concentration profiles are relatively flat with no sizable gradients along the interspace. The second model (compartment version) expands Curran's model of epithelial salt and water transport by including additional compartments and considering both electrical and chemical driving forces for individual Na and Cl ions as well as hydraulic and osmotic driving forces for water. In both models, ion and water fluxes are investigated as a function of the transport parameters. The behavior of the models is consistent with previously suggested mechanisms for the control of net transport, particularly during saline diuresis. Under all conditions the predicted ratio of net solute to solvent flux, or emergent concentration, deviates from exact isotonicity (except when the basement membrane has an appreciable salt reflection coefficient). However, the degree of hypertonicity may be small enough to be experimentally indistinguishable from isotonic transport. 相似文献
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DARJA STANI RACMAN KARA MCGEACHY BRIAN REAVY BORUT TRUKELJ JANA EL HUGH BARKER 《The Annals of applied biology》2001,139(2):269-275
The potato cv. Igor is susceptible to infection with Potato virus Y (PVY) and in Slovenia it has been so severely affected with NTN isolates of PVY causing potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) that its cultivation has ceased. Plants of cv. Igor were transformed with two transgenes that contained coat protein gene sequence of PVYNTN. Both transgenes used PVY sequence in a sense (+) orientation, one in native translational context (N‐CP), and one with a frame‐shift mutation (FS‐CP). Although most transgenic lines were susceptible to infection with PVYNTN and PVYO, several lines showed resistance that could be classified into two types. Following manual or graft inoculation, plants of partially resistant lines developed some symptoms in foliage and tubers, and virus titre in the foliage, estimated by ELISA, was low or undetectable. In highly resistant (R) lines, symptoms did not develop in foliage and on tubers, and virus could not be detected in foliage by ELISA or infectivity assay. Four lines from 34 tested (two N‐CP and two FS‐CP) were R to PVYNTN and PVYO and one additional line was R to PVYO. When cv. Spey was transformed with the same constructs, they did not confer strong resistance to PVYO. 相似文献
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Mohammad Rafiqul Islam Mohd Mostofa Kamal Mohammad Faruk Hossain Jamil Hossain Mohammad Golam Azam Mst Masuma Akhter M. Kamrul Hasan Ibrahim Al-Ashkar Khalid F. Almutairi Ayman EL Sabagh Md Atikur Rahman Muhammad Aamir Iqbal Mohammad Sohidul Islam 《Phyton》2023,92(3):955-981
Drought is one of the critical conditions for the growth and productivity of many crops including mung bean
(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Screening of genotypes for variations is one of the suitable strategies for evaluating
crop adaptability and global food security. In this context, the study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of four drought tolerant (BARI Mung-8, BMX-08010-2, BMX-010015, BMX-08009-7), and four
drought sensitive (BARI Mung-1, BARI Mung-3, BU Mung-4, BMX-05001) mung bean genotypes under wellwatered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions. The WW treatment maintained sufficient soil moisture
(22% ± 0.5%, i.e., 30% deficit of available water) by regularly supplying water. Whereas, the WD treatment
was maintained throughout the growing period, and water was applied when the wilting symptom appeared.
The drought tolerant (DT) genotypes BARI Mung-8, BMX-08010-2, BMX-010015, BMX-08009-7 showed a high
level of proline accumulation (2.52–5.99 mg g−1 FW), photosynthetic pigment (total chlorophyll 2.96–3.27 mg g−1
FW at flowering stage, and 1.62–2.38 mg g−1 FW at pod developing stage), plant water relation attributes including relative water content (RWC) (82%–84%), water retention capacity (WRC) (12–14) as well as lower water
saturation deficit (WSD) (19%–23%), and water uptake capacity (WUC) (2.58–2.89) under WD condition, which
provided consequently higher relative seed yield. These indicate that the tolerant genotypes gained better physiobiochemical attributes and adaptability in response to drought conditions. Furthermore, the genotype BMX-
08010-2 showed superiority in terms of those physio-biochemical traits, susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI) to other genotypes. Based on the physiological and biochemical responses, the BMX-08010-2 was
found to be a suitable genotype for sustaining yield under drought stress, and subsequently, it could be recommended
for crop improvement through hybridization programs. In addition, the identified traits can be used as markers to
identify tolerant genotypes for drought-prone areas. 相似文献
146.
Espagne E Lespinet O Malagnac F Da Silva C Jaillon O Porcel BM Couloux A Aury JM Ségurens B Poulain J Anthouard V Grossetete S Khalili H Coppin E Déquard-Chablat M Picard M Contamine V Arnaise S Bourdais A Berteaux-Lecellier V Gautheret D de Vries RP Battaglia E Coutinho PM Danchin EG Henrissat B Khoury RE Sainsard-Chanet A Boivin A Pinan-Lucarré B Sellem CH Debuchy R Wincker P Weissenbach J Silar P 《Genome biology》2008,9(5):R77-22
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The regional malaria epidemics of the early 1900s provided the basis for much of our current understanding of malaria epidemiology. Colonel Gill, an eminent malariologist of that time, suggested that the explosive nature of the regional epidemics was due to a sudden increased infectiousness of the adult population. His pertinent observations underlying this suggestion have, however, gone unheeded. Here, the literature on Plasmodium seasonal behaviour is reviewed and three historical data sets, concerning seasonal transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, are examined. It is proposed that the dramatic seasonal increase in the density of uninfected mosquito bites results in an increased infectiousness of the human reservoir of infection and, therefore, plays a key role in "kick-starting" malaria parasite transmission. 相似文献
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