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31.
M Alonso N Alonso Rodriguez C Garzelli M Martínez Lirola M Herranz S Samper MJ Ruiz Serrano E Bouza D García de Viedma 《BMC microbiology》2010,10(1):151
Background
The Beijing lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is causing concern due to its global distribution and its involvement in severe outbreaks. Studies focused on this lineage are mainly restricted to geographical settings where its prevalence is high, whereas those in other areas are scarce. In this study, we analyze Beijing isolates in the Mediterranean area, where this lineage is not prevalent and is mainly associated with immigrant cases. 相似文献32.
Jason A Roberts Michael S Roberts Andrew Semark Andrew A Udy Carl MJ Kirkpatrick David L Paterson Matthew J Roberts Peter Kruger Jeffrey Lipman 《BMC anesthesiology》2011,11(1):1-7
Background
Critical illness, mediated by trauma or sepsis, can lead to physiological changes that alter the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics and may result in sub-therapeutic concentrations at the sites of infection. The first aim of this project is to identify the clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with significant trauma that have been recently admitted to ICU that may predict the dosing requirements for the antibiotic, cefazolin. The second aim of this is to identify the clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with sepsis that may predict the dosing requirements for the combination antibiotic, piperacillin-tazobactam.Methods/Design
This is an observational pharmacokinetic study of patients with trauma (cefazolin) or with sepsis (piperacillin-tazobactam). Participants will have samples from blood and urine, collected at different intervals. Patients will also have a microdialysis catheter inserted into subcutaneous tissue to measure interstitial fluid penetration of the antibiotic. Participants will be administered sinistrin, indocyanine green and sodium bromide as well as have cardiac output monitoring performed and tetrapolar bioimpedance to determine physiological changes resulting from pathology. Analysis of samples will be performed using validated liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic analysis will be performed using non-linear mixed effects modeling to determine individual and population pharmacokinetic parameters of antibiotics.Discussion
The study will describe cefazolin and piperacillin-tazobactam concentrations in plasma and the interstitial fluid of tissues in trauma and sepsis patients respectively. The results of this study will guide clinicians to effectively dose these antibiotics in order to maximize the concentration of antibiotics in the interstitial fluid of tissues. 相似文献33.
Bakker MF Verstappen SM Welsing PM Jacobs JW Jahangier ZN van der Veen MJ Bijlsma JW Lafeber FP;Utrecht Arthritis Cohort study group 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(3):R70
Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum biomarker levels of C2C, C1,2C, CS846, and CPII can predict the long-term course of disease activity and radiographic progression early in the disease course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 相似文献34.
35.
Ali Morsi El-Kadi Virginie Bros-Facer Wenhan Deng Amelia Philpott Eleanor Stoddart Gareth Banks Graham S. Jackson Elizabeth M. C. Fisher Michael R. Duchen Linda Greensmith Anthony L. Moore Majid Hafezparast 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(24):18627-18639
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and fatal late-onset neurodegenerative disease. Familial cases of ALS (FALS) constitute ∼10% of all ALS cases, and mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is found in 15–20% of FALS. SOD1 mutations confer a toxic gain of unknown function to the protein that specifically targets the motor neurons in the cortex and the spinal cord. We have previously shown that the autosomal dominant Legs at odd angles (Loa) mutation in cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (Dync1h1) delays disease onset and extends the life span of transgenic mice harboring human mutant SOD1G93A. In this study we provide evidence that despite the lack of direct interactions between mutant SOD1 and either mutant or wild-type cytoplasmic dynein, the Loa mutation confers significant reductions in the amount of mutant SOD1 protein in the mitochondrial matrix. Moreover, we show that the Loa mutation ameliorates defects in mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential observed in SOD1G93A motor neuron mitochondria. These data suggest that the Loa mutation reduces the vulnerability of mitochondria to the toxic effects of mutant SOD1, leading to improved mitochondrial function in SOD1G93A motor neurons. 相似文献
36.
Most coral species off Australia??s west coast spawn in the austral autumn (March?CApril), with a few species also spawning in the southern spring or early summer (November?CDecember). This is the reverse timing to spawning recorded off Australia??s east coast. Porites lutea, a gonochoric broadcast spawner that is common on Australia??s west coast, is shown here to spawn in the months of November or December, as it does on Australia??s east coast. Spawning occurred between 2 and 5 nights after full moon, with the majority of spawning activity on night 3. Gametes developed over three to four months with rapid development in the last two weeks before spawning. Zooxanthellae were typically observed in mature oocytes, only a week before spawning so their presence may provide a useful indicator of imminent spawning. 相似文献
37.
38.
Stoddart LA Smith NJ Jenkins L Brown AJ Milligan G 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2008,283(47):32913-32924
FFA2 and FFA3 are closely related G protein-coupled receptors that bind and respond to short chain fatty acids. (FFA2 and FFA3 are the provisional International Union of Pharmacology designations for the receptors previously called GPR43 and GPR41, respectively.) Sequence comparisons between these two receptors and alignments with the related G protein-coupled receptor FFA1, linked to homology modeling based on the atomic level structure of bovine rhodopsin, indicated the potential for polar residues within the transmembrane helix bundle to play important roles in ligand recognition and function. In both FFA2 and FFA3, mutation of either an arginine at the top of transmembrane domain V or a second arginine at the top of transmembrane domain VII eliminated the function of a range of short chain fatty acids. Mutation of a histidine in transmembrane domain VI, predicted to be in proximity to both the arginine residues, also eliminated function in many but not all assay formats. By contrast, mutation of a histidine in transmembrane domain IV, predicted to be lower in the binding pocket, modulated function in some assays of FFA3 function but had limited effects on the function of acetate and propionate at FFA2. Interestingly, wild type FFA3 responded to caproate, whereas FFA2 did not. Mutation of the transmembrane domain IV histidine eliminated responses of FFA3 to caproate but resulted in a gain of function of FFA2 to this six-carbon fatty acid. These data demonstrate the importance of positively charged residues in the recognition and/or function of short chain fatty acids in both FFA2 and FFA3. The development of small molecule ligands that interact selectively with these receptors will allow further details of the binding pockets to be elucidated. 相似文献
39.
40.
Chong Jiang Sheena F. McClure Robert W. Stoddart John McClure 《Glycoconjugate journal》2003,20(6):367-374
Information about the saccharides expressed in gastric mucosa is mostly limited to the glycan content of gastric mucins and
there are only a few studies of the glycoprofiling of the constituent cells and their components. Knowledge of the glycan
expression of normal gastric mucosa is necessary for the interpretation of the significance of changes of expression in disease.
A lectin histochemical study of normal human gastric (body) mucosa was performed using 27 lectins chosen to probe for a wide
range of oligosaccharide sequences within several categories of glycoprotein glycans.
There were marked differences in staining reactions in the various microanatomical structures of the mucosa, particularly
between pits and glands with the former more closely resembling the surface epithelium. A notable feature was the degree of
difference in the staining between a substantial sub-population of cells within the neck region and the epithelium of both
the pits and glands. These neck cells resembled the pit cells with some lectins, glandular cells with some others and neither
with some other lectins. Overall, the differences between the pit, gland and neck epithelia were diverse and numerous, and
could not be explained by altered activity of a small set of glycosyltransferases. Widespread alterations of glycans must
have occurred (affecting terminal and internal parts of their structures) and the very different glycotypes of the pit, neck
and gland epithelia are, therefore, suggestive of the existence of three cell lineages within normal gastric epithelium. Published in 2004.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献