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排序方式: 共有171条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
31.
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V. C. Kowtha H. J. Bryant V. Krauthamer K. H. Iwasa D. A. Stenger 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》1996,16(1):1-9
Summary 1. We report that NG108-15 (neuroblastoma × glioma) cells differentiated in defined serum-free media are capable of exhibiting
stable automaticity (the spontaneous occurrence of regenerative action potentials) following exposure to extracellular perfusates
containing NH4Cl.
2. Membrane depolarization (4–5 mV) concomitant with an increased pHi during NH4Cl exposure are followed by hyperpolarization (5–7 mV), subthreshold oscillations, and spontaneous firing after the removal
of NH4Cl.
3. Cells cultured in 10% serum did not exhibit automaticity. Cells cultured in serum-free media are twice as likely to show
automaticity as those cultured in reduced (1.5%) serum media.
4. We have examined factors that contribute to the events following NH4Cl exposure, namely, membrane depolarization and hyperpolarization, subthreshold oscillations, and automaticity. The inward
currents activated at more negative potentials and the ionic currents associated with pronounced afterhyperpolarization in
NG108-15 cells cultured in serum-free media provide a basis for the repetitive activity in general and automaticity in particular. 相似文献
33.
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NM Kouyoumdzian NL Rukavina Mikusic G Cao MR Choi SL Della Penna BE Fernández 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2016,91(8):510-521
We studied the effects of tempol, an oxygen radical scavenger, on hydrosaline balance in rats with acute sodium overload. Male rats with free access to water were injected with isotonic (control group) or hypertonic saline solution (0.80 mol/l NaCl) either alone (Na group) or with tempol (Na-T group). Hydrosaline balance was determined during a 90 min experimental period. Protein expressions of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), aquaporin 2 (AQP2), angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured in renal tissue. Water intake, creatinine clearance, diuresis and natriuresis increased in the Na group. Under conditions of sodium overload, tempol increased plasma sodium and protein levels and increased diuresis, natriuresis and sodium excretion. Tempol also decreased water intake without affecting creatinine clearance. AQP1 and eNOS were increased and Ang II decreased in the renal cortex of the Na group, whereas AQP2 was increased in the renal medulla. Nonglycosylated AQP1 and eNOS were increased further in the renal cortex of the Na-T group, whereas AQP2 was decreased in the renal medulla and was localized mainly in the cell membrane. Moreover, p47-phox immunostaining was increased in the hypothalamus of Na group, and this increase was prevented by tempol. Our findings suggest that tempol causes hypernatremia after acute sodium overload by inhibiting the thirst mechanism and facilitating diuresis, despite increasing renal eNOS expression and natriuresis. 相似文献
35.
Matthew R. Golden Roxanne P. Kerani Mark Stenger James P. Hughes Mark Aubin Cheryl Malinski King K. Holmes 《PLoS medicine》2015,12(1)
BackgroundExpedited partner therapy (EPT), the practice of treating the sex partners of persons with sexually transmitted infections without their medical evaluation, increases partner treatment and decreases gonorrhea and chlamydia reinfection rates. We conducted a stepped-wedge, community-level randomized trial to determine whether a public health intervention promoting EPT could increase its use and decrease chlamydia test positivity and gonorrhea incidence in women.ConclusionsA public health intervention promoting the use of free PDPT substantially increased its use and may have resulted in decreased chlamydial and gonococcal infections at the population level.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01665690相似文献36.
Nickel D Busch M Mayer D Hagemann B Knoll V Stenger S 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2012,188(8):4001-4007
Low oxygen tension is a metabolic hallmark of chronic infection. To investigate the influence of hypoxia on macrophage biology, we analyzed the interaction between the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primary human macrophages. Although the metabolic activity of extracellular M. tuberculosis was reduced at oxygen levels between 0.5 and 10%, the bacilli remained viable throughout the 4 d of culture. Phagocytosis of virulent M. tuberculosis and the pathogen-induced release of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages were not affected by oxygen levels as low as 1%. However, we detected the upregulation of an antimicrobial effector pathway mediated by the vitamin D receptor and human β defensin 2. This finding was functionally relevant, because intracellular mycobacterial growth was inhibited by 58 ± 8% at 1% O(2). We conclude that a hypoxic microenvironment, which is characteristic of infected tissue, supports the efficacy of antimicrobial immunity, in part by the upregulation of the antimicrobial peptide human β defensin 2. 相似文献
37.
Tan BH Meinken C Bastian M Bruns H Legaspi A Ochoa MT Krutzik SR Bloom BR Ganz T Modlin RL Stenger S 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2006,177(3):1864-1871
A key target of many intracellular pathogens is the macrophage. Although macrophages can generate antimicrobial activity, neutrophils have been shown to have a key role in host defense, presumably by their preformed granules containing antimicrobial agents. Yet the mechanism by which neutrophils can mediate antimicrobial activity against intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been a long-standing enigma. We demonstrate that apoptotic neutrophils and purified granules inhibit the growth of extracellular mycobacteria. Phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages results in decreased viability of intracellular M. tuberculosis. Concomitant with uptake of apoptotic neutrophils, granule contents traffic to early endosomes, and colocalize with mycobacteria. Uptake of purified granules alone decreased growth of intracellular mycobacteria. Therefore, the transfer of antimicrobial peptides from neutrophils to macrophages provides a cooperative defense strategy between innate immune cells against intracellular pathogens and may complement other pathways that involve delivery of antimicrobial peptides to macrophages. 相似文献
38.
Automated identification of multiple micro-organisms from resequencing DNA microarrays 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
There is an increasing recognition that detailed nucleic acid sequence information will be useful and even required in the diagnosis, treatment and surveillance of many significant pathogens. Because generating detailed information about pathogens leads to significantly larger amounts of data, it is necessary to develop automated analysis methods to reduce analysis time and to standardize identification criteria. This is especially important for multiple pathogen assays designed to reduce assay time and costs. In this paper, we present a successful algorithm for detecting pathogens and reporting the maximum level of detail possible using multi-pathogen resequencing microarrays. The algorithm filters the sequence of base calls from the microarray and finds entries in genetic databases that most closely match. Taxonomic databases are then used to relate these entries to each other so that the microorganism can be identified. Although developed using a resequencing microarray, the approach is applicable to any assay method that produces base call sequence information. The success and continued development of this approach means that a non-expert can now perform unassisted analysis of the results obtained from partial sequence data. 相似文献
39.
Identification of an active LTR retrotransposon in rice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
40.