离子交换层析结合反向色谱纯化聚二氨基丙酸

ε-聚赖氨酸生产菌株Streptomyces albulus PD-1可合成一种新型非蛋白质氨基酸均聚物聚二氨基丙酸,采用离子交换层析和反向色谱,对聚二氨基丙酸的分离纯化进行研究。离子交换层析柱选用DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow填料,50 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 7.5)平衡上样,含0.5 mol/L Na Cl的磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 7.5)洗脱,收集洗脱液用分子筛Sephadex G-25除去磷酸盐缓冲液。然后用C18反相色谱进一步纯化,流动相为V(甲醇)/V(0.1%磷酸)=5/95。经过离子交换层析和反向色谱,纯化得到聚二氨基丙酸纯品,回收率为39.8%,样品纯度达98.4%,为后续的聚二氨基丙酸的深入研究奠定基础。     

Microbial Community in Black Rust Exposed to Hot Ridge Flank Crustal Fluids

During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 301, we obtained a sample of black rust from a circulation obviation retrofit kit (CORK) observatory at a borehole on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge. Due to overpressure, the CORK had failed to seal the borehole. Hot fluids from oceanic crust had discharged to the overlying bottom seawater and resulted in the formation of black rust analogous to a hydrothermal chimney deposit. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses indicated that the black-rust-associated community differed from communities reported from other microbial habitats, including hydrothermal vents at seafloor spreading centers, while it shared phylotypes with communities previously detected in crustal fluids from the same borehole. The most frequently retrieved sequences of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes were related to the genera Ammonifex and Methanothermococcus, respectively. Most phylotypes, including phylotypes previously detected in crustal fluids, were isolated in pure culture, and their metabolic traits were determined. Quantification of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrAB) genes, together with stable sulfur isotopic and electron microscopic analyses, strongly suggested the prevalence of sulfate reduction, potentially by the Ammonifex group of bacteria. Stable carbon isotopic analyses suggested that the bulk of the microbial community was trophically reliant upon photosynthesis-derived organic matter. This report provides important insights into the phylogenetic, physiological, and trophic characteristics of subseafloor microbial ecosystems in warm ridge flank crusts.     

高效液相色谱法在脱氧核糖核酸酶解动力学研究中的应用

为了更好地对脱氧核糖核酸酶解动力学过程进行研究,建立脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）酶解液中4种脱氧核苷酸（腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸（dAMP）、鸟嘌呤脱氧核苷酸（dGMP）、胞嘧啶脱氧核苷酸（dCMP）、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸（dTMP））的高效液相测定方法,能将酶解液中4种脱氧核苷酸完全分离并准确定量。在此基础上,对DNA酶解的动力学进行初步研究,其反应机理为不存在底物和产物抑制的双底物顺序反应,动力学方程为x=1／bin（1＋abt）（其中a=0．3723p0—0．974;b=-0．0493p0^2＋1．1150p0-1．1103）,该方程可以很好地描述DNA酶解过程,误差仅为3．31％.     

低温驯化对布氏田鼠小肠黏膜结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的影响

环境温度的变化影响野生啮齿动物的消化道形态与功能。小肠是吸收营养成分的主要部位,其结构和功能具有可塑性。为了解小肠黏膜的结构和功能对环境温度变化的响应机制,以布氏田鼠为研究对象,比较了低温组和常温组动物小肠黏膜的组织结构和小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的数目。结果显示：（1）低温组布氏田鼠的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛长度及绒毛长度与隐窝深度的比值均高于对照组;（2）低温驯化使布氏田鼠小肠上皮内淋巴细胞的数量增加;（3）低温驯化使布氏田鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠的杯状细胞数量均显著增加。结果表明,在低温环境下布氏田鼠的小肠黏膜结构和免疫细胞的数量发生了可塑性变化,这可能与低温环境下的高能量需求和免疫功能的变化有关。     

上海公园水体夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的关系

为了解公园水体浮游植物群落状况,分析浮游植物物种分布和环境因子之间的关系,揭示浮游植物物种对生态环境的需求,于2008年7月和9月对上海市11个公园水体浮游植物群落进行了调查,对获得的浮游植物数据和环境因子数据进行典范相关分析(CCA),并绘制了物种与环境因子关系的二维排序图。结果表明：调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物384种,隶属于8门,浮游植物密度范围为2.01×10⁵～57.60×10⁵ cells·L^-1;群落组成以蓝藻、裸藻、硅藻和绿藻为主,主要优势种有细微颤藻、无常蓝纤维藻、尾裸藻、颗粒直链藻、梅尼小环藻、普通小球藻、四尾栅藻等;7月影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子依次为铵态氮、溶解氧、水温和总磷,而9月的pH值、水温、溶解氧、透明度和总氮含量对浮游植物的分布产生影响较大;其中,透明度和浮游动物量是影响隐藻、甲藻和硅藻藻类生物量的主要环境因子,而蓝藻、裸藻、绿藻主要受水体氮磷营养盐浓度和溶解氧的影响。     

Survival of caddis larvae in relation to their case material in a group of temporary and permanent pools

1. The occurrence of larvae of Limnephilus coenosus and L. vittatus (Trichoptera) was recorded in 103 rock pools both before and after the dry periods in spring–summer (April–May and July–early August), when a great number of the pools dried out. In early spring, 84% of the pools sampled contained larvae of at least one of the species. Limnephilus coenosus larvae were present in a higher proportion of pools that later dried out than in the permanent ones, while L. vittatus larvae were predominantly found in permanent pools. Larvae of both species were found together in 31% of the inhabited pools.
2. Laboratory experiments, designed to elucidate differential survival under drought conditions, demonstrated that the organic cases of L. coenosus larvae held water more efficiently than did the mineral L. vittatus cases. Full-grown (fifth instar) L. coenosus larvae also survived dry conditions better than did L. vittatus larvae. The higher survival of L. coenosus was due to a combination of drought-resistant case material and a higher survival ability of the larvae themselves.
3. Limnephilus vittatus larvae were restricted by their low capability to withstand desiccation, although case material and food were available for L. vittatus larvae in all pools. Absence of case material and high-quality food in many pools, however, restricted the presence of L. coenosus larvae, but this species did not suffer from heavy mortality because of desiccation and all pool populations of L. coenosus survived until pupation.
4. The differences in species composition in these temporary and permanent pools can be explained by the differential site selection by ovipositing females, as well as by larval survival. The intrinsically greater survival of L. coenosus larvae during drought, together with the water-retaining properties of the cases, allowed this species to exploit stressful and risky habitats, such as temporary pools.     

近交系BALB/c小鼠及先天遗传性白内障突变型BALB/cBk-Cat小鼠的DNA指纹研究

采用人工合成的寡核苷酸探针(GATA)~4|分别与近交系小鼠BALB/c和经10年 30代培育而成的自发突变型近交系先天遗传性白内障BALB/cBk-Cat小鼠进行DNA分杂交,DNA指纹显示:(1)BALB/c小鼠个体之间以及BALB/cBk-C at小鼠个体之间没有差异;(2)BALB/c小鼠与BALB/cBk-Cat小鼠的DNA指纹在23-6kb之间的区域有差异。     

花耳科二新种

本文报道了产于中国的花耳科Dacrymycetaceae二个新种,即莽山胶角菌Calocera mangshanensis Liu et Fan和云南花耳Dacrymyces yunnanensis Liu et Fan。     

黑腹菌属二新种

本文报道了中国产的黑腹菌属Melanogaster(黑腹菌科 Melanogastraceae,黑腹菌目 Melanogastrales,担子菌亚门Basidiomycotina)二新种:山西黑腹菌Melanogaster shanxicnsis Liu,K.Tao et Chang和倒卵孢黑腹菌M.obouatisporus Liu,K.Tao et Chang并对中国已报道过的黑腹菌属内的种进行了讨论。