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41.
Lasse T. Keetz Eva Lieungh Kaveh Karimi-Asli Sonya R. Geange Emiliano Gelati Hui Tang Yeliz A. Yilmaz Kjetil S. Aas Inge H. J. Althuizen Anders Bryn Stefanie Falk Rosie Fisher Anne Fouilloux Peter Horvath Sunniva Indrehus Hanna Lee Danica Lombardozzi Frans-Jan W. Parmentier Norbert Pirk Vigdis Vandvik Ane V. Vollsnes Olav Skarpaas Frode Stordal Lena M. Tallaksen 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(15):4440-4452
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) provide a state-of-the-art process-based approach to study the complex interplay between vegetation and its physical environment. For example, they help to predict how terrestrial plants interact with climate, soils, disturbance and competition for resources. We argue that there is untapped potential for the use of DGVMs in ecological and ecophysiological research. One fundamental barrier to realize this potential is that many researchers with relevant expertize (ecology, plant physiology, soil science, etc.) lack access to the technical resources or awareness of the research potential of DGVMs. Here we present the Land Sites Platform (LSP): new software that facilitates single-site simulations with the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator, an advanced DGVM coupled with the Community Land Model. The LSP includes a Graphical User Interface and an Application Programming Interface, which improve the user experience and lower the technical thresholds for installing these model architectures and setting up model experiments. The software is distributed via version-controlled containers; researchers and students can run simulations directly on their personal computers or servers, with relatively low hardware requirements, and on different operating systems. Version 1.0 of the LSP supports site-level simulations. We provide input data for 20 established geo-ecological observation sites in Norway and workflows to add generic sites from public global datasets. The LSP makes standard model experiments with default data easily achievable (e.g., for educational or introductory purposes) while retaining flexibility for more advanced scientific uses. We further provide tools to visualize the model input and output, including simple examples to relate predictions to local observations. The LSP improves access to land surface and DGVM modelling as a building block of community cyberinfrastructure that may inspire new avenues for mechanistic ecosystem research across disciplines. 相似文献
42.
Maja Wiprächtiger Melanie Haupt Andreas Froemelt Magdalena Klotz Claudio Beretta Dominik Osterwalder Vanessa Burg Stefanie Hellweg 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2023,27(1):254-271
Industrial ecology (IE) methodologies, such as input/output or material flow analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA), are often used for the environmental evaluation of circular economy strategies. Up to now, an approach that utilizes these methods in a systematic, integrated framework for a holistic assessment of a geographic region's sustainable circular economy potential has been lacking. The approach developed in this study (IE4CE approach) combines IE methodologies to determine the environmental impact mitigation potential of circular economy strategies for a defined geographic region. The approach foresees five steps. First, input/output analysis helps identify sectors with high environmental impacts. Second, a refined analysis is conducted using material flow and LCA. In step 3, circular strategies are used for scenario design and evaluated in step 4. In step 5, the assessment results are compiled and compared across sectors. The approach was applied to a case study of Switzerland, analyzing 8 sectors and more than 30 scenarios in depth. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) from waste incineration, biogas and cement production, food waste prevention in households, hospitality and production, and the increased recycling of plastics had the highest mitigation potential. Most of the scenarios do not influence each other. One exception is the CCS scenarios: waste avoidance scenarios decrease the reduction potential of CCS. A combination of scenarios from different sectors, including their impact on the CCS scenario potential, led to an environmental impact mitigation potential of 11.9 Mt CO2-eq for 2050, which equals 14% of Switzerland's current consumption-based impacts. 相似文献
43.
Summary DNA fingerprints generated by the Jeffreys' probes, 33.6 and 33.15, indicated the presence of minisatellite-like sequences
in the red clover genome. The fingerprints generated by probe 33.6 gave less background and fewer but better defined bands
than those obtained with probe 33.15. Assay of a regenerative somaclonal variant (F49R) by DNA fingerprinting with probe 33.6
detected mutation that was unlinked to the regenerative trait. The fingerprints obtained under the applied conditions also
demonstrated genetic stability of consecutive generations of the regenerants in tissue culture. DNA fingerprints of F1 plants revealed that each polymorphic band was inherited from either one or the other parent. Both probes distinguished individual-specific
genotypes in seven cultivars of red clover. Greater variability in DNA fingerprints was detected between (V=0.899) than within
(0.417≤V≤0.548) cultivars. 相似文献
44.
45.
Christina Seisenberger Tobias Graf Sarah Sticht Markus Haindl Ulrich Mohn Harald Wegele Michael Wiedmann Stefanie Wohlrab 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2023,120(1):184-193
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are inevitable process-related impurities in biotherapeutics commonly monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Of particular importance for their reliable detection are the anti-HCP polyclonal antibodies (pAbs), supposed to detect a broad range of HCPs. The present study focuses on the identification of suitable host animal species for the development of high-performance CHO-HCP ELISAs, assuming the generation of pAbs with adequate coverage and specificity. Hence, antibodies derived from immunization of sheep, goats, donkeys, rabbits, and chickens were compared concerning their amount of HCP-specific antibodies, coverage, and performance in a sandwich ELISA. Immunization of sheep, goats, donkeys, and rabbits met all test criteria, whereas the antibodies from chickens cannot be recommended based on the results of this study. Additionally, a mixture of antibodies from the five host species was prepared to assess if coverage and ELISA performance can be improved by a multispecies approach. Comparable results were obtained for the single- and multispecies ELISAs in different in-process samples, indicating no substantial improvement for the latter in ELISA performance while raising ethical and financial concerns. 相似文献
46.
Erwin Stresemann und Eugeniusz Nowak 《Journal of Ornithology》1958,99(3):243-296
Zusammenfassung Die Türkentaube war ursprünglich auf semi-aride Gebiete Südasiens beschränkt. Dort lassen sich drei geographische Rassen unterscheiden. Eine davon,Streptopelia decaocto decaocto, bewohnte bis zum Beginn des historischen Zeitalters nur Indien, nordwärts bis zum Himalaya, ostwärts etwa bis zum Brahmaputra. Später ist sie, vermutlich auf dem Seewege, nach Nord-China eingeführt worden, wo sie sich stark ausgebreitet hat.Auch nach Vorder-Asien ist sie von Indien her erst in historischer Zeit gelangt. Es ist wahrscheinlich, aber nicht sicher, daß sie nach Mesopotamien durch den Menschen gebracht wurde. Von dort aus ist sie nach Syrien und (schwerlich vor der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts) nach Anatolien und weiter nach Südost-Europa vorgedrungen, wo die Türken ihr eine besondere Hege angedeihen ließen. In der europäischen Türkei entwickelten sich Populationen in sehr vielen Städten und Dörfern. Einige davon (z. B. in Mostar und Bessarabien) sind wahrscheinlich auf importierte Paare zurückzuführen.Nach dem Zusammenbruch der türkischen Herrschaft in Bessarabien (1812), Griechenland (1828), Rumelien, Bulgarien, Serbien, Albanien, Montenegro, Herzegowina (1878), verloren die Türkentauben dort ihre Beschützer. Ihr Bestand ging sehr stark zurück, in weiten Gebieten (Bessarabien, Griechenland), wurden sie gänzlich ausgerottet. Erst nach 1900 breiteten sie sich in Bulgarien und wohl auch in Serbien wieder aus. Das war nach Ansicht der Verff. die Folge oekologischer Umstellung vom Nisten an Häusern und unter Dächern zum Brüten auf Bäumen.Von vorgeschobenen, dicht besiedelten Kolonien (Mostar, Belgrad, Orten an der bulgarisch-rumänischen Grenze) aus drangen Türkentauben um 1930 über die Grenzen des einstigen osmanischen Reiches in drei Richtungen vor, und zwar nach der Küste Dalmatiens, nach Ungarn und nach der Walachei.Infolge der dort einsetzenden starken Vermehrung (wahrscheinlich ermöglicht durch verminderten Feinddruck) hat sich die Türkentaube schnell weiter verbreitet. In einem günstigen Jahr kann eine örtliche Population, wie nachgewiesen, um mehr als 250% zunehmen.Zur Zeit ist die Türkentaube in der Po-Ebene bis nach Turin, nördlich der Alpen bis an die Küste der Nordsee (Belgien, Holland, Cuxhaven), des Skagerrak (Skagen) und der Ostsee (Wismar, Rostock, Danzig, Reval), und über Rumänien bis zum Dnjestr und sogar bis Kiew vorgedrungen. Schon haben einzelne Paare in Ost-England, Schottland und Süd-Schweden mit Erfolg gebrütet.Bisher sind 15, meist am Geburtsort beringte Türkentauben in größerer Entfernung (bis 720 km) wiedergefunden worden. Sie beweisen, daß die von ihrer Stamm-Kolonie abwandernden (wohl meist noch nicht einjährigen) Individuen dies ohne Bevorzugung einer Himmelsrichtung tun, also wahllos streuen. Das kann zu jeder Jahreszeit geschehen. Der Ort der endgültigen Ansiedlung abgewanderter Individuen oder Paare ist mitunter über 700 km weit vom Geburtsort entfernt.Daß das Vordringen der Türkentaube infolge ihrer Eigenschaft, den Winter am Brutplatz oder in dessen Nähe zu verbringen, an einer klimatisch bedingten Ausbreitungsgrenze (Winter-Isotherme?) enden wird, ist wahrscheinlich. Diese Grenze scheint bisher noch nicht erreicht zu sein. Der nördlichste bisherige Brut- und zugleich Überwinterungsort liegt dicht bei Reval (= Tallinn), 59° 45 N (südlichstes Siedlungsgebiet ist Nord-Ceylon, 9° 45 N).Man kennt weder morphologische noch ethologische Unterschiede zwischen den nördlichsten und den südlichsten, durch 50 Breitengrade getrennten Populationen. Starker Frost kann bei den europäischen Türkentauben eine Schädigung der Zehen bewirken, die dem Vogel das Umfassen von Zweigen und das Laufen erschwert. Ob die indischen noch empfindlicher gegen Kälte sind, wurde bisher noch nicht untersucht. 相似文献
47.
48.
Detached leaves of Cyclamen persicum Mill. can be used as a simple source-sink system. Phloem transport in the excised material was monitored by the noninvasive 11C-technique. Assimilate movement stopped immediately when the petiole was cut off. However, within 20 min a recovery of transport was observed. The translocation rate in the detached leaf was only 13% of that in the intact plant. 14C-Xenobiotics and [3H]sucrose were injected into the upper petiole parenchyma (source). They moved downstream by a symplastic route. The stump of the petiole was inserted into a buffer solution containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (sink). After 3 h, the distribution of sucrose and xenobiotics was determined in five subsequent segments of the petiole (path). The retention coefficient (r) was calculated from the ratio of radioactivity in the vascular bundle to that in the petiole parenchyma. The distribution along the vascular path was given by a geometric progression, whereas its constant was the transport coefficient (q). Values of r and q corresponded with the degree of phloem mobility and ambimobility. Four groups of compounds were classified: (i) acidic substances with log Kow = — 2 to — 2.4 (Kow is the partition coefficient octanol/water) at pH 8 (pH of sieve tube sap), retained by ion trapping and exhibiting small lateral efflux (q0.7; maleic hydrazide, dalapon); (ii) acidic substances with log Kow = — 0.7 to — 0.8 at pH 8, retained by ion trapping and subjected to a moderate lateral efflux (0.7>q> 0.5; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, bromoxynil); (iii) nonionised substances retained by optimum permeability, exhibiting a considerable lateral leakage (q<0.5; glyphosate, amitrole); (iv) substances without basipetal transport in the phloem (atrazine, diuron). Retention of sucrose corresponded quantitatively with that shown in group (i). This classification was also supported by results of uptake and efflux experiments using the isolated conducting tissue. Theoretical translocation profiles were calculated from the determined transport coefficients (q).Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- Kow
partition coefficient octanol/water
- MCPA
2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxyacetic acid
- q
transport coefficient in the vascular bundle
- r
retention coefficient in the vascular bundle
The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of H. Fiedler and M. Neugebauer. We are particularly grateful to K. Dutschka, G. Hudepokl, and Dr. J. Knust for producing 11CO2. 相似文献
49.
The comparative studies on fry of dominant fish species in the lowland Sulejow Reservoir have demonstrated the importance of an unstable ecotonal shoreline zone in whole system dynamics, which affects water quality. Ecotone zone utilization by fish determines their reproductive success and consequently pressure of fry on a zooplankton community. Density of perch, which dominates in the fry community of the Reservoir, influences the utilization of ecotonal resources by dominant cyprinid fry-roach. A reverse relationship between perch and roach fry densities has been demonstrated, which in turn, affects utilization of zooplankton by roach fry. At stations of highest perch density roach reduces feeding on zooplankton and eats more algae and insects. The knowledge of competitive relations between perch and cyprinid fry has been an important aspect of application of the biomanipulation concept in the reservoir ecosystem, to improve fish yield and water quality. Hypothetical models of energy flow through the reservoir's ecosystem with poor and well developed flooded riparian ecotonal zones are established. 相似文献
50.
Eugeniusz Nowak 《Journal of Ornithology》1995,136(1):76
In October or November 1983 one specimen of the Slender-billed Curlew, shot at and wounded by a hunter near the city of El Kala (36° 55 N, 8° 25 E) was brought to the University of Annaba. After having died, it was prepared as a skin for the scientific collection of the University. 相似文献