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排序方式: 共有179条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
Kirsty E. Russell Kian Fan Chung Colin J. Clarke Andrew L. Durham Patrick Mallia Joseph Footitt Sebastian L. Johnston Peter J. Barnes Simon R. Hall Karen D. Simpson Malcolm R. Starkey Philip M. Hansbro Ian M. Adcock Coen H. Wiegman 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Introduction
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine associated with acute and chronic inflammatory disorders and corticosteroid insensitivity. Its expression in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a relatively steroid insensitive inflammatory disease is unclear, however.Methods
Sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophages and serum were obtained from non-smokers, smokers and COPD patients. To mimic oxidative stress-induced COPD, mice were exposed to ozone for six-weeks and treated with ISO-1, a MIF inhibitor, and/or dexamethasone before each exposure. BAL fluid and lung tissue were collected after the final exposure. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung function were measured using whole body plethysmography. HIF-1α binding to the Mif promoter was determined by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assays.Results
MIF levels in sputum and BAL macrophages from COPD patients were higher than those from non-smokers, with healthy smokers having intermediate levels. MIF expression correlated with that of HIF-1α in all patients groups and in ozone-exposed mice. BAL cell counts, cytokine mRNA and protein expression in lungs and BAL, including MIF, were elevated in ozone-exposed mice and had increased AHR. Dexamethasone had no effect on these parameters in the mouse but ISO-1 attenuated cell recruitment, cytokine release and AHR.Conclusion
MIF and HIF-1α levels are elevated in COPD BAL macrophages and inhibition of MIF function blocks corticosteroid-insensitive lung inflammation and AHR. Inhibition of MIF may provide a novel anti-inflammatory approach in COPD. 相似文献12.
13.
Fujita MK Engstrom TN Starkey DE Shaffer HB 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2004,31(3):1031-1040
Introns have gained considerable popularity as markers for molecular phylogenetics. However, no primers exist for a nuclear intron that amplifies across all turtles. Available data from morphology and mitochondrial DNA have not unambiguously resolved relationships within the superfamily Trionychoidea and the family Chelidae, which together form a large portion of extant turtle diversity. We tested the phylogenetic utility of a novel intron from the RNA fingerprint protein 35 (R35) as applied to these two areas of turtle systematics. We found the intron to be a single-copy locus that provides excellent resolving power for lineages among turtles, though problems with alignment made it impossible to infer deeper amniote relationships. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood both demonstrated the polyphyly of Trionychoidea and the reciprocal monophyly of Australian/New Guinea and South American chelid turtles. This is the first study to resolve such relationships with strong statistical support, and we suggest that R35 holds great promise for resolving additional persistent problems in the phylogeny of living turtles. 相似文献
14.
Dmitri Kazmin Robert A Edwards Raymond J Turner Eric Larson Jean Starkey 《Analytical biochemistry》2002,301(1):91-96
Proteins in polyacrylamide gels can be rapidly visualized by soaking in trichloroacetic acid or chloroform followed by illumination with UV light. The UV-light-driven reaction of tryptophan in the presence of trichlorocompounds yields products that emit sufficiently in the visible region to identify the location of the protein bands on the gel. This method can be used to rapidly identify protein bands on a gel in less than 20 min. On thin polyacrylamide gels, 1.0 microg of protein can easily be detected for proteins with typical tryptophan percentages. 相似文献
15.
Elizabeth C. White Jean-Thoussaint Dikangadissi Edmond Dimoto William B. Karesh Michael D. Kock Nathacha Ona Abiaga Ruth Starkey Tharcisse Ukizintambara Lee J. T. White Katharine A. Abernethy 《International journal of primatology》2010,31(4):627-645
The predicted relationship between home-range size and group mass in primates developed by Clutton-Brock and Harvey (1977) has proved extremely robust in describing the use of space by most primate species. However, mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) are now known to have an extreme group mass in the wild, far larger than that of the species used originally to generate
that relationship, and so it was unknown whether this relationship would be robust for this species. We investigated the home-range
size and use of a wild horde of ca. 700 mandrills in Lopé National Park, Gabon, using radiotelemetry. The total area the horde used over a 6-yr period [100%
minimum convex polygon (MCP)] was 182 km2, including 89 km2 of suitable forest habitat. Mandrills used gallery forests and isolated forest fragments with high botanical diversity far
more intensively that the continuous forest and completely avoided savanna and marsh. Peeled polygons and fixed kernel contours
revealed multiple centres of use, with the horde spending more than half its time in <10% of the total documented range, typical
of a frugivore using a patchy environment. Home-range size and internal structure varied considerably between years, but total
home range fitted the predicted relationship between group mass and home range size, despite being an outlier to the dataset.
We discuss the conservation implications of the species’ space requirements, in light of current pressures on land use in
their range. 相似文献
16.
White WH McCoy CM Meyer JA Winkle JR Plummer PR Kemper CJ Starkey R Snyder DE 《Journal of economic entomology》2007,100(1):155-163
The activity of spinosad, imidacloprid, and methomyl baits and technical actives were assessed against susceptible house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). In a feeding assay, imidacloprid affected flies more rapidly than methomyl or spinosad, but spinosad was 2.7 times more potent than methomyl and 8 times more potent than imidacloprid. The profile of technical actives correlated with their respective fly bait formulations in laboratory assays. Although having the most rapid onset of activity in laboratory tests, up to 50% of flies remained alive after exposure to imidacloprid bait. In contrast, <5% of flies survived 24-h exposure to spinosad or methomyl baits. High temperature reduced the knockdown activity of imidacloprid bait and slowed the speed of kill for spinosad and methomyl baits over a 24-h exposure period. Spinosad and methomyl baits were also superior to imidacloprid when applied to the floors of environmentally controlled rooms at label recommended rates, providing good fly control for up to 21 d. The fact that a significant percentage of flies exposed to imidacloprid were rapidly knocked down but subsequently remained alive in all of the assays suggested that flies were recovering from initial exposure to this compound. Given its favorable safety profile, a high degree of initial and residual activity comparable with methomyl and lack of cross-resistance to other chemistries, spinosad bait may be a valuable component of house fly control programs to help control or delay the emergence of resistant populations. 相似文献
17.
Bakker MF Verstappen SM Welsing PM Jacobs JW Jahangier ZN van der Veen MJ Bijlsma JW Lafeber FP;Utrecht Arthritis Cohort study group 《Arthritis research & therapy》2011,13(3):R70
Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum biomarker levels of C2C, C1,2C, CS846, and CPII can predict the long-term course of disease activity and radiographic progression early in the disease course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 相似文献18.
Rojkovicova T Mechref Y Starkey JA Wu G Bell RL McBride WJ Novotny MV 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2008,863(2):206-214
A method to determine the catecholamine content in putamen (CPU) and midbrain (MB) regions of the brain of alcohol-preferring rats (P) is presented with a focus on the low-level detection of S,R-salsolinol, a metabolite of dopamine and a putative alcoholism marker. The developed strategy allows both quantitative profiling of related catecholamines and the enantiomeric separation and quantification of the S- and R-salsolinol isomers and their ratios. The described LC/MS strategy simplifies the current methodology that typically employs GC-MS by eliminating the need for derivatization. The data also suggest an increase in the non-enzymatic formation of salsolinol as a consequence of ethanol exposure. 相似文献
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