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101.
102.
Rachinel N Buzoni-Gatel D Dutta C Mennechet FJ Luangsay S Minns LA Grigg ME Tomavo S Boothroyd JC Kasper LH 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2004,173(4):2725-2735
The role of specific microbial Ags in the induction of experimental inflammatory bowel disease is poorly understood. Oral infection of susceptible C57BL/6 mice with Toxoplasma gondii results in a lethal ileitis within 7-9 days postinfection. An immunodominant Ag of T. gondii (surface Ag 1 (SAG1)) that induces a robust B and T cell-specific response has been identified and a SAG1-deficient parasite (Deltasag1) engineered. We investigated the ability of Deltasag1 parasite to induce a lethal intestinal inflammatory response in susceptible mice. C57BL/6 mice orally infected with Deltasag1 parasites failed to develop ileitis. In vitro, the mutant parasites replicate in both enterocytes and dendritic cells. In vivo, infection with the mutant parasites was associated with a decrease in the chemokine and cytokine production within several compartments of the gut-associated cell population. RAG-deficient (RAG1(-/-)) mice are resistant to the development of the ileitis after T. gondii infection. Adoptive transfer of Ag-specific CD4(+) effector T lymphocytes isolated from C57BL/6-infected mice into RAG(-/-) mice conferred susceptibility to the development of the intestinal disease. In contrast, CD4(+) effector T lymphocytes from mice infected with the mutant Deltasag1 strain failed to transfer the pathology. In addition, resistant mice (BALB/c) that fail to develop ileitis following oral infection with T. gondii were rendered susceptible following intranasal presensitization with the SAG1 protein. This process was associated with a shift toward a Th1 response. These findings demonstrate that a single Ag (SAG1) of T. gondii can elicit a lethal inflammatory process in this experimental model of pathogen-driven ileitis. 相似文献
103.
Paradoxical NSD1 mutations in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and 11p15 anomalies in Sotos syndrome 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Baujat G Rio M Rossignol S Sanlaville D Lyonnet S Le Merrer M Munnich A Gicquel C Cormier-Daire V Colleaux L 《American journal of human genetics》2004,74(4):715-720
Sotos syndrome is an overgrowth syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal overgrowth, macrocephaly, advanced bone age, variable degrees of mental retardation, and typical facial features. Defects of the NSD1 gene account for >or=60% of cases of Sotos syndrome, whereas the disease-causing mechanism of other cases remains unknown. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a distinct overgrowth condition characterized by macroglossia, abdominal-wall defects, visceromegaly, embryonic tumors, hemihyperplasia, ear anomalies, renal anomalies, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Deregulation of imprinted growth-regulatory genes within the 11p15 region is the major cause of BWS, whereas the molecular defect underlying a significant proportion of sporadic BWS cases remains unknown. Owing to clinical overlaps between the two syndromes, we investigated whether unexplained cases of Sotos syndrome could be related to 11p15 anomalies and, conversely, whether unexplained BWS cases could be related to NSD1 deletions or mutations. Two 11p15 anomalies were identified in a series of 20 patients with Sotos syndrome, and two NSD1 mutations were identified in a series of 52 patients with BWS. These results suggest that the two disorders may have more similarities than previously thought and that NSD1 could be involved in imprinting of the chromosome 11p15 region. 相似文献
104.
Ongoing spontaneous activity controls access to consciousness: a neuronal model for inattentional blindness 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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Even in the absence of sensory inputs, cortical and thalamic neurons can show structured patterns of ongoing spontaneous activity, whose origins and functional significance are not well understood. We use computer simulations to explore the conditions under which spontaneous activity emerges from a simplified model of multiple interconnected thalamocortical columns linked by long-range, top-down excitatory axons, and to examine its interactions with stimulus-induced activation. Simulations help characterize two main states of activity. First, spontaneous gamma-band oscillations emerge at a precise threshold controlled by ascending neuromodulator systems. Second, within a spontaneously active network, we observe the sudden “ignition” of one out of many possible coherent states of high-level activity amidst cortical neurons with long-distance projections. During such an ignited state, spontaneous activity can block external sensory processing. We relate those properties to experimental observations on the neural bases of endogenous states of consciousness, and particularly the blocking of access to consciousness that occurs in the psychophysical phenomenon of “inattentional blindness,” in which normal subjects intensely engaged in mental activity fail to notice salient but irrelevant sensory stimuli. Although highly simplified, the generic properties of a minimal network may help clarify some of the basic cerebral phenomena underlying the autonomy of consciousness. 相似文献
105.
B. R. Haddad Evelin Schröck Jeanne Meck Janet Cowan Hannah Young Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith Stanislas du Manoir Thomas Ried 《Human genetics》1998,103(5):619-625
Despite major advances in molecular cytogenetics during the past decade and the important diagnostic role that fluorescence
in situ hybridization (FISH) plays in the characterization of chromosomal abnormalities, the usefulness of this technique
remains limited by the number of spectrally distinguishable fluorochromes or fluorochrome combinations. Overcoming this major
limitation would allow one to use FISH to screen the whole human genome for chromosomal aberrations which, until recently,
was possible only through conventional karyotyping. A recently described molecular cytogenetics technology, 24-color FISH
using spectral karyotyping (SKY), permits the simultaneous visualization of all human chromosomes in 24 different colors.
Most chromosomal aberrations detected during cytogenetic evaluation can be resolved using routine cytogenetic techniques alone
or in combination with single- or dual-color FISH. However, some cases remain unresolved, in particular de novo supernumerary
marker chromosomes and de novo unbalanced structural rearrangements. These findings cause particular diagnostic and counseling
concerns when detected during prenatal diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the application of SKY in the
characterization of these de novo structural chromosomal abnormalities. Eight cases are described in this report. SKY has
considerable diagnostic applications in prenatal diagnosis because of its reliability and speed. The identification of the
chromosomal origin of markers and unbalanced translocations provides the patient, physician, and genetic counselor with better
predictive information on the phenotype of the carrier.
Received: 2 June 1998 / Accepted: 16 June 1998 相似文献
106.
Rachida Benhaddou Stanislas Czernecki Wahid Farid Guy Ville Juan Xie Ahmed Zegar 《Carbohydrate research》1994,260(2):243-250
2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-
-glucopyranose, 2,3,5-tri-O-allyl-
-ribofuranose, 2,3,5-tri-O-allyl- and -tri-O-benzyl-
-arabinofuranose, and 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-allyl-
-erythro-pentofuranose were oxidized to their corresponding lactones 6–10 by dimethyl sulfoxide activated by oxalyl chloride, pyridinium dichromate in the presence of molecular sieves and acetic acid, and tetra-n-propylammonium tetra-oxoruthenate(VII) using 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide as cooxidant. With the latter reagent, analytically pure lactones were obtained in 83–98% yield. A multistep preparation of 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-
-arabino-hexono-1,5-lactone (14) from 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-
-arabino-hex-1 enitol (65% overall yield) is described. 相似文献
107.
Simon van Gaal Lionel Naccache Julia D. I. Meuwese Anouk M. van Loon Alexandra H. Leighton Laurent Cohen Stanislas Dehaene 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2014,369(1641)
What are the limits of unconscious language processing? Can language circuits process simple grammatical constructions unconsciously and integrate the meaning of several unseen words? Using behavioural priming and electroencephalography (EEG), we studied a specific rule-based linguistic operation traditionally thought to require conscious cognitive control: the negation of valence. In a masked priming paradigm, two masked words were successively (Experiment 1) or simultaneously presented (Experiment 2), a modifier (‘not’/‘very’) and an adjective (e.g. ‘good’/‘bad’), followed by a visible target noun (e.g. ‘peace’/‘murder’). Subjects indicated whether the target noun had a positive or negative valence. The combination of these three words could either be contextually consistent (e.g. ‘very bad - murder’) or inconsistent (e.g. ‘not bad - murder’). EEG recordings revealed that grammatical negations could unfold partly unconsciously, as reflected in similar occipito-parietal N400 effects for conscious and unconscious three-word sequences forming inconsistent combinations. However, only conscious word sequences elicited P600 effects, later in time. Overall, these results suggest that multiple unconscious words can be rapidly integrated and that an unconscious negation can automatically ‘flip the sign’ of an unconscious adjective. These findings not only extend the limits of subliminal combinatorial language processes, but also highlight how consciousness modulates the grammatical integration of multiple words. 相似文献
108.
Mathieu Almeida Agnès Hébert Anne-Laure Abraham Simon Rasmussen Christophe Monnet Nicolas Pons Céline Delbès Valentin Loux Jean-Michel Batto Pierre Leonard Sean Kennedy Stanislas Dusko Ehrlich Mihai Pop Marie-Christine Montel Fran?oise Irlinger Pierre Renault 《BMC genomics》2014,15(1)
Background
Microbial communities of traditional cheeses are complex and insufficiently characterized. The origin, safety and functional role in cheese making of these microbial communities are still not well understood. Metagenomic analysis of these communities by high throughput shotgun sequencing is a promising approach to characterize their genomic and functional profiles. Such analyses, however, critically depend on the availability of appropriate reference genome databases against which the sequencing reads can be aligned.Results
We built a reference genome catalog suitable for short read metagenomic analysis using a low-cost sequencing strategy. We selected 142 bacteria isolated from dairy products belonging to 137 different species and 67 genera, and succeeded to reconstruct the draft genome of 117 of them at a standard or high quality level, including isolates from the genera Kluyvera, Luteococcus and Marinilactibacillus, still missing from public database. To demonstrate the potential of this catalog, we analysed the microbial composition of the surface of two smear cheeses and one blue-veined cheese, and showed that a significant part of the microbiota of these traditional cheeses was composed of microorganisms newly sequenced in our study.Conclusions
Our study provides data, which combined with publicly available genome references, represents the most expansive catalog to date of cheese-associated bacteria. Using this extended dairy catalog, we revealed the presence in traditional cheese of dominant microorganisms not deliberately inoculated, mainly Gram-negative genera such as Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis or Psychrobacter immobilis, that may contribute to the characteristics of cheese produced through traditional methods.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1101) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献109.
110.
Muriel Nguyen Elke Leuridan Tong Zhang Dominique De Wit Fabienne Willems Pierre Van Damme Michel Goldman Stanislas Goriely 《PloS one》2010,5(4)