蒙古国喀尔喀部蒙古族4项群体指趾遗传学特征研究

在内蒙古民族大学调查了160例(男66例,女94例)来自蒙古国的喀尔喀蒙古族留学生的拇指类型、环食指长、指甲形状、足趾长4项群体指趾遗传学特征。研究结果:1)直型拇指率为44.38%,环指长率78.13%,指甲形状长型率58.75%、方型率6.88%、扁型率34.38%,足趾类型拇趾长率35.00%;2)指甲形状出现率性别间差异具统计学意义,两两特征间均未表现出明显相关关系;3)与我国10个蒙古族族群相比,多数差异具有统计学意义。     

质粒超螺旋比例对其细胞转染效率及表达的影响

检测质粒开环、闭环比例不同时对其细胞转染效率及表达的影响。构建携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的质粒(pcDNA3-HGF)及携带LacZ报告基因的质粒(pcDNA3-LacZ),用核酸纯化试剂盒提取开环、闭环比例不同的质粒,然后用LipofectAMINE介导它们分别转染NIH3T3细胞,采用X-Gal染色和ELISA法分别观察转染效率和表达活性。结果表明,用超螺旋比例分别为85.45%和48.44%的质粒pcDNA3-LacZ转染生长旺盛的NIH3T3细胞,48h检测转染效率分别为23.4%±3.8%和9.3%±2.5%,前者约是后者的2.5倍。用超螺旋比例分别为93.28%和40.53%的质粒pcDNA3-HGF转染1×106NIH3T3细胞,ELISA法检测48h细胞培养上清中HGF的表达量分别为46.5±6.3ng和25.6±4.2ng,前者是后者的1.8倍。初步认为质粒开环、闭环比例不同对其细胞转染效率及表达有一定影响,超螺旋比例高时其转染效率及表达量较高。     

Heparin and its derivatives bind to HIV-1 recombinant envelope glycoproteins, rather than to recombinant HIV-1 receptor, CD4

We have employed a direct radiolabel binding assay to investigate the interaction between3H-heparin and recombinant envelope glycoproteins, rgp120s, derived from several different isolates of HIV-1. Comparable dose-dependent binding is exhibited by rgp120s from isolates IIIB, GB8, MN and SF-2. Under identical experimental conditions the binding of3H- heparin to a recombinant soluble form of the cellular receptor for gp120, CD4, is negligible. The binding of3H-heparin to rgp120 is competed for by excess unlabeled heparin and certain other, but not all, glycosaminoglycan and chemically modified heparins. Of a range of such polysaccharides tested, ability to compete with3H-heparin for binding was strictly correlated with inhibition of HIV-1 replication in vitro. Those possessing potent anti-HIV-1 activity were effective competitors, whereas those having no or little anti-HIV-1 activity were poor competitors. Scatchard analysis indicates that the K d of the interaction between heparin and rgp120 is 10 nM. Binding studies conducted in increasing salt concentrations confirm that the interaction is ionic in nature. Synthetic 33-35 amino acid peptides based on the sequence of the V3 loop of gp120 also bind to heparin with high affinity. V3 loop peptides that are cyclized due to terminal cysteine residues show more selective binding than their uncyclized counterparts. Overall, these data demonstrate further that heparin exerts its anti-HIV-1 activity by binding to the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, rather than its cellular receptor, CD4. This study confirms that the V3 loop of gp120 is the site at which heparin exerts its anti- HIV-1 activity. Moreover, it reveals that high affinity binding to heparin is shared by all four rgp120s examined, despite amino acid substitutions within the V3 loop.      

红松人工林优势木竞争指数影响因子

在温带湿润气候区东段不同立地条件下的红松人工林内设置面积为600 m~2(20 m×30 m)的70块矩形固定样地。在每个样地内,选取5颗最高且长势较好的优势木作为研究的对象木,用Voronoi图确定优势木相应的竞争木,测定每一块样地内优势木与竞争木之间的距离。采用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型,分析优势木在不同样地水平上的种内竞争强度,探讨林分生长因子、地形因子、土壤养分因子对优势木竞争指数的影响,并对这3类因子与优势木竞争指数进行相应的拟合和相关性分析。结果表明：红松人工林优势木竞争强度随着优势木胸径的增大而变小,并且两者之间的关系服从幂函数;红松优势木的竞争指数与其树高、胸径、冠幅呈极显著的相关关系(P<0.01);坡向、坡位、海拔对竞争指数影响极显著(P<0.01);红松人工林优势木竞争指数的大小与土壤氮磷钾含量均呈极显著的相关关系(P<0.01);pH值对优势木竞争指数的影响不显著。当红松人工林优势木平均胸径达到45cm,优势木平均树高和冠幅大于周围竞争木时,其对周围资源的利用程度增大,林木会发生自然稀疏现象,其所受的竞争压力减小。红松喜光性强,对水分的要求高,...     

海拔高度对2型糖尿病患者循环内皮祖细胞及低氧诱导因子的影响*

目的: 探讨不同海拔地区2型糖尿病患者循环内皮祖细胞数量及相关检测指标的变化情况,为2型糖尿病血管并发症的研究和治疗提供依据。方法: 选取386 m低海拔地区(咸阳市)和1 520 m高海拔地区(兰州市)各一家医院内被诊断的2型糖尿病患者(25人/29人)和健康体检者(20人/20人)。用全自动生化分析仪检测两组人群的血脂、血糖和糖化血红蛋白指标,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的浓度,用流式细胞仪测定外周血循环内皮祖细胞(EPCs)的数量。结果: 无论在低海拔还是高海拔地区,糖尿病组较健康组循环EPCs数量降低(P＜0.01),体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(FBG)及糖化血红蛋白含量(HbAlc)增高(P＜0.05);与低海拔组相比,无论高海拔的糖尿病患者还是健康者,HIF-1α的表达水平均明显增加(P＜0.05),而循环EPCs数量明显降低(P＜0.05),且有循环EPCs数量健康者高于2型糖尿病无血管并发症者高于2型糖尿病伴血管并发症者的表现(P＜0.05)。结论: 海拔高度增加,2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者体内HIF-1α表达水平增加,循环EPCs数量降低,且与其血管病变程度密切相关。因此有望通过对高海拔地区T2DM患者进行EPCs的移植来实现对糖尿病血管并发症的预防和改善。     

微塑料对湖泊生态系统初级生产者的影响

塑料的广泛应用导致大量微塑料进入环境,尤其是水环境,从而产生环境风险。浮游植物等自养生物是湖泊系统的主要初级生产者,是湖泊食物链的关键组成部分,为食物链的上游提供能量和物质基础。同时,浮游植物也是对微塑料响应最敏感的类群。了解湖泊浮游植物等初级生产者对微塑料的响应是探究微塑料对湖泊生态系统功能影响的重要基础。总结了全球湖泊生态系统微塑料的丰度、类型、尺寸、来源等分布特征,系统分析了微塑料暴露对浮游植物等初级生产者细胞结构、基因表达和生长,以及对浮游植物叶绿素a含量、光合活性的影响,并总结了其中的影响机制。总体而言,微塑料会降低初级生产者的叶绿素a含量,剂量越高、尺寸越小,这种抑制作用越强烈;同时,微塑料也会作用于初级生产者,造成细胞膜损伤、DNA损伤,调控其相关功能基因表达,抑制其生长和光合活性等。然而,湖泊生态系统微塑料的实际检出浓度远低于室内暴露实验中的添加剂量,微塑料结构和组分也更为复杂,野外观测结果与室内培养实验之间还不能建立直接的对应关系。因此,未来的相关研究应集中在如何有效联系野外观测结果与室内培养实验结果,进一步聚焦建立可靠的、可应用推广的微塑料浓度与初级生产者之间的剂量-效应关系模型,探究微塑料对湖泊初级生产者的作用机制,为刻画微塑料对湖泊生态系统初级生产者及其功能的作用机制提供科学支撑。     

喀斯特断陷盆地区不同恢复阶段群落物种组成与多样性特征

研究自然植被恢复过程中的物种组成、群落结构及生物多样性的变化,能够为人工促进植被恢复的树种选择与群落结构的优化配置提供重要依据。本研究以空间代替时间对喀斯特断陷盆地典型区云南省建水县不同天然植被(草丛、灌丛、乔木林)进行群落学调查,对不同恢复阶段的植物群落按乔木、灌木、草本进行分层,分析各恢复阶段植物群落的物种组成、水平和垂直结构、生物多样性。结果表明:在总面积为3200 m²的12个样地中,共记录43科72属94种维管束植物,优势种以壳斗科(Fagaceae)、鼠李科(Rhamnaceae)、紫金牛科(Myrsinaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、木犀科(Oleaceae)等科的植物为主;在草丛→灌丛→乔木林的恢复过程中,群落物种组成中的科数、属数、种数逐渐增加,低矮和小径级植物个体数所占比例逐渐减少,但整体仍以低矮的小径级植物为主。草本植物的丰富度和Shannon指数在植被恢复的初期即草丛阶段最大,而均匀度指数则以灌丛阶段最大;木本植物的丰富度和Shannon指数随着植被的恢复逐渐增大,但均匀度指数随着植被的恢复逐渐下降;随着植被的恢复,草本层和乔木层...     

Control of relative growth rate by application of the relative addition rate technique to a traditional solution culture system

The relative addition rate (RAR) technique allows the nutritional control of plant relative growth rate (RGR) by the provision of nutrients at exponential supply rates. The technique, however, was developed with technologically sophisticated aeroponic systems. In this paper, we report on experiments used to adapt the RAR technique to a conventional solution culture system. A background concentration requirement of 36 μM nitrogen (N), with other nutrients supplied in proportion to N, was necessary to produce a constant RGR of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) at a low RAR. Solution pH changes were reduced by increasing the percentage of NH₄ in the nitrogen supply, but the plants exhibited dry weight reductions and symptoms of toxicity above 30% NH₄. For wheat, a ratio of 25/75 NH₄/NO₃ was optimum for minimizing pH changes within the nontoxic range. A test of the effectiveness of the RAR technique using this background concentration and NH₄/NO₃ ratio showed that RGR increased with RAR with a linear slope of 0.55 and an intercept of 0.07 d^-1. Although the relationship between growth rate and nutrient supply was less than the one-to-one dependence of RGR on RAR that has been obtained with more sophisticated apparatus, application of the RAR technique to a conventional solution culture system still affords considerable control of RGR and presents a simple method for growing plants at different levels of nutrient stress and at distinct RGRs.     

Studies on the extraction of different proteoglycan populations in bovine articular cartilage

Large proteoglycan monomers and small dermatan sulfate proteoglycans were extracted from explants of bovine articular cartilage with increasing (0-4 M) concentrations of guanidinium chloride (GuHCl). The first extractions were followed by a second extraction with 4 M GuHCl. The amount of proteoglycans extracted in the first buffer depended on the GuHCl concentration. At low concentrations of GuHCl, a relatively high amount of small proteoglycans was obtained. Fifty percent of the small proteoglycans was extracted in buffer with 0.85 M GuHCl, while 2.0-2.2 M GuHCl was needed to extract half of the large proteoglycans. Immediately after synthesis, 35S-labeled large proteoglycans were extracted much easier (50% at 1.4 M GuHCl), and those extracted at low concentrations of GuHCl were less capable of aggregation with hyaluronic acid. After 7 days of 'chase' these differences between endogenous and 35S-labeled proteoglycans had disappeared.