Frequency of resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol amongSalmonella strains isolated in the Netherlands in 1962

Out of 12,472 strains ofSalmonella isolated in the Netherlands in 1962, 1365, or 10.94%, were found to be resistant to tetracycline or chloramphenicol or to both. Compared with the findings of the preceding years (1958/59:2.08%, 1960:1.29%, 1961:3.96%) this is a considerable increase. Of these 1365 strains, 1285, or 94.1%, were resistant to tetracycline and 46, or 3.4%, were resistant to chloramphenicol. The remaining 34 strains, or 2.5%, were resistant to both drugs.Among allSalmonella strains isolated in 1962, 5517 belonged to the speciesS. typhi murium. Of these, 1203 or 21.8%, were resistant to tetracycline. The resistance rates of strains originating from human patients, calves, pigs, other animals and other materials were 24.4%, 37.1%, 15.0%, 8.0% and 5.7% respectively.Factors which may possibly have contributed to the greatly increased frequency of drug resistance inS. typhi murium are: (1) the rapid spread of the use of tetracycline for therapeutic, prophylactic and nutritive purposes, and (2) the possibility of an episome-mediated transfer of drug resistance from relatively harmless intestinal bacteria, such asE. coli, toS. typhi murium.     

Une oasis aquatique à faune relique dans la Plaine du Danube inférieur

Résumé Etude d'un complexe de sources, situé dans la Plaine du Danube Inférieur (= Plaine Roumaine ou Plains de Valachie), à 100 m d'alt. environ. La station se caractérise par un complexe de facteurs uniques dans ce coin de (Europe: abondance de l'eau phréatique froide sortant à jour sur une surface restreinte, protection efficace grâce à une saulaie compacte, variété des substrats et abondance des sources trophiques. Ces éléments rendent possible l'existence d'une faune relique, comprenant rotifères, tardigrades, coléoptères, trichoptères, hydracariens, etc., espèces ayant ici leur seule station de la Plaine Roumaine. Les espèces qu'on signale dans le travail sont soit formes de montagne, soit à aréal septentrional ou septentrional-occidental, soit, enfin, caractéristiques pour les tourbières d'altitude, souvent même pour les tourbières acides à Sphagnum. On considère la faune du complexe de Corbii Ciungi comme un rests remarquable de la faune aquatique ayant peuplé la Plaine Roumaine antérieurement à la mise en friche sauvage des forêts et à l'extension impétueuse de l'agriculture, phénomènes ayant radicalement transformé ce territoire.     

Untersuchungen über die Physiologie der Weinhefen. VIII. Mitteilung

Ohne Zusammenfassung I, II, III, IV, V, VI und VII Mitteilung: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 17, 209, 1951; 18, 31, 1952; 18, 293, 1952; 19, 279, 1953; 20, 385, 1954; 21, 337, 1955; 23, 113, 1957.     

New evidence for the structure of myxinol

1. Preliminary spectroscopic examination of a second component of hagfish bile salts suggested that it might be 3β,7α,26(27)-trihydroxy-5α-cholestane. 2. Impure reduction products of the 3β,26(27)-dihydroxycholestane-7,16-dione previously made from myxinol disulphate appeared also to have the 5α-configuration. 3. Infrared, nuclear-magnetic-resonance and mass-spectrographic as well as optical-rotatory-dispersion measurements on 3β,26(27)-dihydroxycholestane-7,16-dione showed that it was a 5α-compound. 4. Myxinol is thus 3β,7α,16α,26(27)-tetrahydroxy-5α-cholestane; new nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements on myxinol tetra-acetate at higher resolution confirm this structure.