Beschleunigung der „Dunkeladaptation“ eines UV-Rezeptors durch sichtbare Strahlung

Zusammenfassung Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen über das adaptive Verhalten der UV-Rezeptoren von Ascalaphus im Frontalauge zeigten, daß die Empfindlichkeit nach UV-Helladaptation durch Strahlung des sichtbaren Bereichs zwischen 420 und 550 nm erheblich beschleunigt wird. Die Wellenlänge 589 erwies sich als nahezu unwirksam, Strahlung im Bereich zwischen 460 und 480 nm war am wirksamsten. Die spektrale Empfindlichkeit für die regenerative Wirkung der sichtbaren Strahlung ist identisch mit der spektralen Absorptionswahrscheinlichkeit des thermostabilen Folgefarbstoffes B. Aus der spektralen Verteilung des Himmelslichtes und der spektralen Absorptionswahrscheinlichkeit für den UV-Sehfarbstoff und seinem Folgefarbstoff wird abgeleitet, daß der UV-Rezeptor ohne jede chemische Resynthese des Sehpigments, allein durch Quantenabsorption, seine Empfindlichkeit zu steuern vermag. Wie beim Tintenfischrezeptor (Eledone) wird das Rezeptorpotential nur durch Treffer am Ausgangsfarbstoff ausgelöst, nicht durch Treffer am Folgefarbstoff B.

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Acceleration of dark-adaptation by visible light in UV-receptors

Summary The adaptation of the ultra-violet (UV) receptors in the frontaleye of the insect Ascalaphus (Neuroptera) was studied by electrophysiological techniques. The measurements showed that the sensitivity increase after illumination by an UV adapting light is considerably accelerated by exposure to visible light with wavelengths between 420 and 550 nm (Figs. 1, 2). Most effective are the wavelengths between 460 and 480 nm (Table 1). The wavelength 589 nm has almost no effect. The spectral efficiency of the regenerative effect is identical to the probability that light quanta will be absorbed by the thermostable secondary pigment. The results suggest that the sensitivity of the UV receptor is determined solely by the absorption of light quanta, without any chemical resynthesis of visual pigment. As in cuttle-fish, a receptor potential is elicited only when light is absorbed by the primary pigment. Light absorption by the secondary pigment is ineffective.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die DFG, SFB Bionach.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die jugoslawischen SBK- und SFNR-Fonds.     

Akkumulation Wasserlöslicher Peptide in Bäckerhefe unter Stickstoffmangel

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt an wasserlöslichen Nucleotiden und Peptiden in Bäckerhefe wurde unter Stickstoffmangelbedingungen geprüft. Während die Nucleotide nur geringfügig zunehmen, steigt der Peptidgehalt um mehr als 50% an. Damit liegt der Peptidspiegel nach 2 Std sogar höher als bei gleich langer Kultur in Vollmedium. Beim Wechsel von Mangel-auf Vollmedium sinkt der Peptidspiegel vorübergehend ab. Daraus wird auf eine Akkumulation von Peptiden unter N-Mangel geschlossen. Die Möglichkeit des Aufbaues falscher Peptide bzw. der Unterbrechung der waschsenden Peptidkette wird diskutiert.

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Accumulation of water-soluble peptides in Baker's yeast under nitrogenstarvation

Summary The content of water-soluble nucleotides and peptides in baker's yeast under nitrogen-starvation has been investigated. While the nucleotides increase only slightly, the amount of peptides increases more than 50%. Thus after two hours the peptide level is distinctly higher even than it is in a culture incubated in full growth medium for the same amount of time. When changing from starvation to full growth medium, the peptide level is temporarily reduced. We therefore assume that under N-starvation an accumulation of peptides takes place. The formation of nonsense peptides or, alternatively, the interruption of the growing peptide chains is discussed.

     

Age-Related Loss of t-[35S]Butylbicyclophosphorothionate Binding to the γ-Aminobutyric AcidA Receptor-Coupled Chloride Ionophore in Rat Cerebral Cortex

Muscimol and t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) are known to label two distinct sites within the gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor complex, i.e., the GABA recognition site and the chloride ionophore, respectively. Age-dependent changes in the specific binding of [3H]muscimol and [35S]TBPS were compared in membranes prepared from the cerebral cortex of rats, 2-800 days old. Perinatal (day 2) binding of muscimol and TBPS represented 8 and 20% of the respective values for adults (day 180). After the first week, muscimol binding increased more rapidly than TBPS binding. Levels near those of adults were reached at day 20 and remained practically unchanged in adulthood (day 180). In aged (780-day-old) rats, the binding of TBPS was significantly reduced, whereas muscimol binding did not change compared with adult values. This decrease of TBPS binding derived from a reduced density of binding sites, rather than from affinity changes. The allosteric responsiveness of TBPS binding to exogenous GABA was also reduced in aged animals. These findings indicate an age-related change in the molecular (structural) organization of the GABAA receptor-chloride ionophore complex in rat cerebral cortex.     

Periclinal penetration of potassium permanganate into mature cuticular membranes ofAgave andClivia leaves: new implications for plant cuticle development

Staining cuticular membranes ofAgave americana andClivia miniata en bloc with potassium permanganate results in a strong contrast in the interior cuticular layer while the exterior part remains unstained. This is not caused by a selective chemical reaction with the interior part but by the unidirectional penetration of the reagent from the interior side, the outside being protected by the cuticle proper. In transverse cryosections of the cuticular membrane, permanganate penetrates nearly as easily into the exterior cuticular layer as into the interior one giving the same contrast. However, compared with the periclinal penetration into the cuticle proper this penetration is accelerated five-to tenfold by the polysaccharide network within the cuticular layer which serves as a distribution-channel system. Periclinal penetration into the cuticle proper occurs independently in each cutin penetration unit included between two obvious lucent lamellae and further divided into subunits.     

Osmotische und Nichtosmotische Stoffaufnahme bei Diatomeen

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 7 Textabbildungen.