Ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/ Oxygenase Activities in Leaves of Greenhouse Roses

An enzyme assay was developed to measure the initial and Mg²⁺–CO₂activated forms of Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase(Rubisco) in rose leaves. The assay was verified by co-extractionof the leaflets with partially purified spinach Rubisco andthrough correlation with net photosynthetic rates of individualleaflets (r²=0.7324). Changes in activities were measured asa function of depth of leaves in the canopy for two cultivarsof greenhouse hybrid tea roses. Initial Rubisco activity declinedwith increasing canopy depth for both cultivars. The activatedform of the enzyme, however, remained constant with canopy depthfor cv. Red Success; but increased with canopy depth, then declinedafter mid-canopy in the cv. Royalty. Rubisco activities werealso measured in the cv. Red Success grown in CO₂ enriched environments(100 mm³ dm^–3) at three humidity levels. The activitieswere not significantly affected by humidity treatment. However,there was a trend for plants grown at lower humidity to havehigher activated activities. Key words: Humidity, Rubisco, Rosa ? hybrida, Royalty, Red Success     

Ionized and wobble base-pairing for bromouracil-guanine in equilibrium under physiological conditions. A nuclear magnetic resonance study on an oligonucleotide containing a bromouracil-guanine base-pair as a function of pH

A one and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance study of a non-selfcomplementary oligonucleotide containing a central 5-bromouracil-guanine pair is reported. For these two bases three types of hydrogen bonding schemes could exist; wobble, rare tautomer and ionized. The two-dimensional spectra of non-exchangeable protons together with one-dimensional spectra recorded in water show that at pH 7.0 the predominant species is a right-handed B-form DNA in which the brU.G pair has wobble geometry. On raising the pH we observe a transition monitored by proton chemical shift changes for the brU.G and adjacent base-pairs. The mid-point of the transition was observed at pH 8.6. Spectra recorded at pH 9.8 show that the helix remains intact with B form conformation. It is shown that this high pH form has an ionized brU.G base-pair now in Watson-Crick geometry. Thus under physiological conditions an equilibrium exists between wobble and ionized structures.     

A METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. (JEJUNI, COLI AND LARI) FROM SHELLFISH AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

A method has been developed to detect thermophilic species of Campylobacter in shellfish, marine and tributary waters, sediment and farm runoff by-products such as manure and silage. The method consists of a 48 h enrichment incubation and subcultured to selective agars. Presumptive colonies confirmed with a latex agglutination (antibodies) to common flagellar antigens of C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lardi. Over an 8 year period, West Coast estuaries (Washington, Oregon, and California) were sampled, resulting in analysis of a total of 512 samples. Results suggest that Campylobacter spp. are well distributed in the marine environment. Two enrichment broths were compared for the recovery of campylobacters from environmental samples. The method described in the Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) (1984), was compared to a modified method. Use of the modified method described here resulted in higher recovery rates of Campylobacter spp. Recoveries of campylobacters from sediment, shellfish, and water were 10,13, and 28% higher for the modified method, respectively.     

Source of an egg kairomone for Trissolcus basalis, a parasitoid of Nezara viridula

Abstract. The eggs of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), are successfully attacked by Trissolcus basalis (Woll.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and are recognized as hosts by a secretion applied to the egg chorion. This secretion is produced by the follicular cells in the proximal region of the ovariole of the female pentatomid and functions as an adhesive for attaching the eggs to the oviposition substrate. The adhesive and kairomone activity could be partially removed with water. This water extract elicited host recognition behaviour in T. basalis when applied to glass beads which stuck together as the extract dried. The adhesive and kairomonal activity was removed completely with acetone since acetone-washed host eggs were not recognized by T. basalis. Application of the acetone extract to glass beads stimulated ovipositional probes by T. basalis. The adhesive appeared to be composed of a mucopolysaccharide–protein complex.     

Breeding success and chronology of Wood Storks Mycteria americana in northern and central Florida, U.S.A.

The breeding success and chronology of Wood Storks Mycteria americana were studied at eight colonies in northern and central Florida during 1981–1985. Mean ± s.d. clutch size for all colony-years was 3.07 ± 0.56 (n = 2694 nests), with three-egg clutches (72%) most frequent. Mean clutch size among all colonies and years ranged from 2.73 ± 0.55 to 3.41 ± 0.61. Many colonies exhibited significant negative trends in clutch size with, hatching date because of a proportional decrease in four-egg clutches later in the season. Mean colony clutch size was not correlated with nest numbers, nesting density or mean hatching date within most years. Mean ± s.d. number of fledglings for all colonies and years was 1.29 ± 1.16 fledglings per nest (n = 2812 nests). Mean annual fledging rates in colonies ranged from 0 (colony failed) to 2.66 fledglings per nest. Most breeding failure occurred prior to egg hatching, and the second highest mortality occurred between hatching and 2 weeks of age. Four-egg clutches fledged more storks than three-egg clutches, which in turn were more successful than two-egg clutches. However, all clutch sizes showed similar fledgling per egg rates. The seasonal decline in productivity was associated proportionally with smaller clutch sizes later in the breeding season. An increase in mean hatching date was correlated with an increase in latitude. There was greater within-year breeding synchrony among colonies than interyear breeding synchrony within each colony. Breeding synchrony was not correlated with mean hatching date, latitude, longitude, nest numbers or nesting density.     

A New Malaria Parasite Plasmodium (Sauramoeba) heischi in Skinks (Mabuya striata) from Nairobi, with a Brief Discussion of the Distribution of Malaria Parasites in the Family Scincidae

ABSTRACT. A new species of malaria parasite, Plasmodium (Sauramoeba) heischi , is described from African skinks (Mabuya striata). Eleven individuals of 90 specimens collected in Nairobi were found to be infected. The new parasite is a large species, characterized by spindle-shaped gametocytes, the female often with a subterminal nucleus. The schizonts produce up to 65 nuclei and cause great hypertrophy and distortion of the host cell. Although similar to P. (Sauramoeba) giganteum in dimensions and merozoite numbers, P. heischi is easily distinguished by gametocyte and schizont shapes.     

The Spontaneous Formation of Antheridia in Onoclea is not Blocked by Light

Onoclea sensibilis gametophytes were grown from spores on ashedsoil and agar to determine if the spontaneous formation of antheridiacan be blocked by light. Under most conditions, dark-grown gametophytesformed antheridia later than or at the same time as gametophytesgrown in the light. Under no circumstances was there a rapidonset of maleness in the dark. These results contradict thehypothesis that, in Onoclea, antheridiogen is required to inducemaleness because light inhibits the formation of antheridia.In the light, antheridia formed on heart-shaped thalli. In darkness,antheridia formed on filamentous gametophytes. The timing ofonset of maleness was affected by temperature and the presenceof sucrose. The effect of sucrose on the comparison betweenlight and dark treatments depended on both substrate and temperature Onoclea sensibilis, L., sensitive fern, fern gametophytes, sexuality, light-induced block