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61.
62.
Nicola Schiel Antonio Souto Ludwig Huber Bruna M. Bezerra 《American journal of primatology》2010,72(12):1039-1046
We investigated the hunting strategies of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to determine whether the strategies differed among animals of different age classes and/or prey type. The study was conducted in a fragment of Atlantic Rain Forest, situated 40 km from Recife (PE/Brazil). Twenty‐seven individuals from four social groups were observed. Captured prey items were divided into three categories. The hunting strategies of the common marmosets were ranked into four categories. The acquisition of larger prey (items more than 2.0 cm) involved the appropriate body movements and postures that concealed the approaching marmosets, whereas the acquisition of smaller prey (items under 2.0 cm) involved less concealing behaviors. Furthermore, adults and juveniles (age ≥5 months) were more capable of capturing larger prey than were younger (1–2 months) or older infants (3–4 months). Although older infants were successful in capturing certain prey, they often failed when they attempted to capture larger prey that jumped and/or used flight to escape. The results suggest that both the experience of the monkeys and escape behavior of the prey affect predation efficiency in wild common marmosets. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1039–1046, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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64.
Araújo Inana F. Marinho Victor Hugo de S. Sena Iracirema da S. Curti Jhone M. Ramos Ryan da S. Ferreira Ricardo M. A. Souto Raimundo N. P. Ferreira Irlon M. 《Biotechnology letters》2022,44(3):439-459
Biotechnology Letters - Endophytic fungi are microorganisms capable of colonizing the interior of plant tissues without causing damage to them. The study of the secondary metabolites produced by... 相似文献
65.
Raynner RD Barboza Wedson de MS Souto José da S Mourão 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2007,3(1):1-14
Background
Viewed through the micro focus of an interpretive lens, medical anthropology remains mystified because interpretivist explanations seriously downplay the given context in which individual health seeking-behaviours occur. This paper draws upon both the interpretivist and political economy perspectives to reflect on the ethno medical practices within the Korean-Australian community in Sydney.Methods
We draw on research data collected between 1995 and 1997 for an earlier study of the use of biomedical and traditional medicine by Korean-Australians in Sydney. A total of 120 interviews were conducted with a range of participants, including biomedical doctors, traditional health professionals, Korean community leaders and Korean migrants representing a range of socio-economic backgrounds and migration patterns.Results and Discussion
First, the paper highlights the extent to which the social location of migrants in a host society alters or restructures their initial cultural practices they bring with them. Second, taking hanbang medicine in the Korean-Australian community as an illustrative case, the paper explores the transformation of the dominant biomedicine in Australia as a result of the influx of ethnomedicine in the era of global capitalism and global movement.Conclusion
In seeking to explain the popularity and supply of alternative health care, it is important to go beyond the culture of each kind of health care itself and to take into consideration the changes occurring at societal, national and global levels as well as consequential individual response to the changes. New social conditions influence the choice of health care methods, including herbal/alternative medicine, health foods and what are often called New Age therapies. 相似文献66.
67.
We investigated the potential use of call playback for surveying the elusive golden-backed uakari (Cacajao melanocephalus), a diurnal social primate that typically inhabits the relatively inaccessible black-water swamp forests of the upper Amazon
(Igapó forest) during the wet season. Furthermore, our objective was to understand better the functions of vocalisations of
these rare and threatened monkeys. We focussed on the “tchó” call, a loud vocalisation that varies in temporal and frequency
characteristics according to behavioural context and individual signaller (Bezerra et al. in Int J Primatol, 2010b). We investigated the vocal and behavioural responses of golden-backed uakaris from three Igapó areas to three different
playback stimuli: own group calls (OGC); neighbouring group calls (NGC); and control (background noise). The call stimuli
were used to simulate the unexpected presence of monkeys from the monkeys’ own and neighbouring Igapó areas. Playback of OGC
and NGC increased calling and altered behaviour in golden-backed uakaris, whereas no noticeable response occurred to the control
stimuli. Furthermore, there was no evidence of habituation to the call stimuli and the natural behavioural pattern of the
groups was not obviously affected. Hence, call playback seems to be a valuable tool for locating these elusive monkeys in
river surveys. Most of the agonistic-related behaviour observed after NGC playback was also observed after OGC playback. As
golden-backed uakaris are not territorial, the presence of strange conspecifics to the area may not necessarily represent
a more threatening situation. Our methods and results may also be useful for surveys of other primate species living in the
Igapó forest and in other habitat types. 相似文献
68.
Dulciene Maria Magalhaes Queiroz Paul R. Harris Ian R. Sanderson Henry J. Windle Marjorie M. Walker Andreia Maria Camargos Rocha Gifone Aguiar Rocha Simone Diniz Carvalho Paulo Fernando Souto Bittencourt Lucia Porto Fonseca de Castro Andrea Villagrán Carolina Serrano Dermot Kelleher Jean E. Crabtree 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Objective
Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) are global major public health problems, particularly in developing countries. Whilst an association between H. pylori infection and ID/IDA has been proposed in the literature, currently there is no consensus. We studied the effects of H. pylori infection on ID/IDA in a cohort of children undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for upper abdominal pain in two developing and one developed country.Methods
In total 311 children (mean age 10.7±3.2 years) from Latin America - Belo Horizonte/Brazil (n = 125), Santiago/Chile (n = 105) - and London/UK (n = 81), were studied. Gastric and duodenal biopsies were obtained for evaluation of histology and H. pylori status and blood samples for parameters of ID/IDA.Results
The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 27.7% being significantly higher (p<0.001) in Latin America (35%) than in UK (7%). Multiple linear regression models revealed H. pylori infection as a significant predictor of low ferritin and haemoglobin concentrations in children from Latin-America. A negative correlation was observed between MCV (r = −0.26; p = 0.01) and MCH (r = −0.27; p = 0.01) values and the degree of antral chronic inflammation, and between MCH and the degree of corpus chronic (r = −0.29, p = 0.008) and active (r = −0.27, p = 0.002) inflammation.Conclusions
This study demonstrates that H. pylori infection in children influences the serum ferritin and haemoglobin concentrations, markers of early depletion of iron stores and anaemia respectively. 相似文献69.
Leonardo Souto Ferreira Otavio Canton Rafael Lopes Paixo da Silva Silas Poloni Vítor Sudbrack Marcelo Eduardo Borges Caroline Franco Flavia Maria Darcie Marquitti Jos Cssio de Moraes Maria Amlia de Sousa Mascena Veras Roberto Andr Kraenkel Renato Mendes Coutinho 《PLoS computational biology》2022,18(3)
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a major concern all over the world and, as vaccines became available at the end of 2020, optimal vaccination strategies were subjected to intense investigation. Considering their critical role in reducing disease burden, the increasing demand outpacing production, and that most currently approved vaccines follow a two-dose regimen, the cost-effectiveness of delaying the second dose to increment the coverage of the population receiving the first dose is often debated. Finding the best solution is complex due to the trade-off between vaccinating more people with lower level of protection and guaranteeing higher protection to a fewer number of individuals. Here we present a novel extended age-structured SEIR mathematical model that includes a two-dose vaccination schedule with a between-doses delay modelled through delay differential equations and linear optimization of vaccination rates. By maintaining the minimum stock of vaccines under a given production rate, we evaluate the dose interval that minimizes the number of deaths. We found that the best strategy depends on an interplay between the vaccine production rate and the relative efficacy of the first dose. In the scenario of low first-dose efficacy, it is always better to vaccinate the second dose as soon as possible, while for high first-dose efficacy, the best strategy of time window depends on the production rate and also on second-dose efficacy provided by each type of vaccine. We also found that the rate of spread of the infection does not affect significantly the thresholds of the best window, but is an important factor in the absolute number of total deaths. These conclusions point to the need to carefully take into account both vaccine characteristics and roll-out speed to optimize the outcome of vaccination strategies. 相似文献
70.
Marcilio CP de Souto Ivan G Costa Daniel SA de Araujo Teresa B Ludermir Alexander Schliep 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):497