全文获取类型
收费全文 | 487篇 |
免费 | 48篇 |
国内免费 | 18篇 |
专业分类
553篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 37篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 34篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 26篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 24篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有553条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Pedro A. Sosa Edna A. González‐González Miguel A. González‐Pérez Pedro Luis Pérez de Paz 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2013,173(2):258-268
Islands offer an interesting framework in which to study the effect of geographical isolation on population genetic differentiation. For plant species with high dispersal abilities, however, oceanic barriers may not represent a factor promoting strong population structure. In this work, we analysed seven nuclear microsatellite loci in Ilex (Aquifoliaceae), a bird‐dispersed plant group, to infer patterns of genetic differentiation among Macaronesian taxa: I. canariensis, I. perado ssp. lopezlilloi, I. perado ssp. platyphylla (Canary Islands) and I. perado ssp. azorica (Azores). In agreement with current taxonomic classification, our results revealed a high genetic differentiation between Ilex lineages (I. canariensis and the I. perado complex), and also supported previous hypotheses that these are the result of independent dispersal events to the islands. In contrast, genetic differentiation between I. perado ssp. azorica and the two subspecies from the Canaries was high, suggesting that taxonomic revision may be necessary. Levels of genetic variation at microsatellite loci in ssp. azorica were, in addition, the lowest reported among Macaronesian bird‐dispersed taxa. Lastly, low genetic differentiation was observed between subspecies occurring on the same island (sspp. platyphylla and lopezlilloi). In summary, our results revealed contrasting patterns between Macaronesian Ilex lineages: I. canariensis displayed moderate population structure across islands, whereas the I. perado complex showed strong differentiation among populations sampled on different islands. Thus, the Macaronesian Ilex taxa show that long‐distance dispersal syndromes (ornithochory) do not always ensure genetic connectivity across large areas in island systems. Plant groups that successfully colonized the islands on multiple occasions may have found barriers to gene flow within certain lineages. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 173 , 258–268. 相似文献
42.
Sosa J Llanes R Guzmán D Quintana I Flores M Gutiérrez O 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2001,96(4):523-525
The susceptibility to penicillin of 111 Neisseria meningitidis strains was assessed by the agar-dilution procedure and serosubtypes were determined by a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies reagents. Thirty-five isolates showed reduced sensitivity to penicillin (MIC > or = 0.1 mg/l and < or = 1 mg/l) and no resistant strains were detected. The most common phenotype was B:4:P1.15 (77.5%) and a rising trend of non-typeable and non-subtypeable strains was detected. The increase in levels of minimal inhibitory concentrations of meningococci to penicillin gives cause for concern and the increase in non-typeable and non-subtypeable isolation demand the use of molecular biology techniques for their typing. 相似文献
43.
44.
The MeOH extract of aerial parts of Flourensia riparia Grisebach (Asteraceae) afforded a sesquiterpene lactone, 4beta-hydroxy-4,10alpha-dimethyl-7alphaH,8alphaH-eudesman-11-ene-8,12-olide, together with septuplinolide, its isomer at positions C-5 and C-10. In addition, known flavonoids, p-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives, carabrone and isoalantolactone were identified. Three known flavonoids and a benzofuran were isolated from Flourensia campestris Wedd. 相似文献
45.
Martini Claudia Sosa Fernando Nicolas Malvicini Ricardo Pacienza Natalia Yannarelli Gustavo del C. Vila María 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2021,77(4):601-611
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry - Alendronate, a bisphosphonate used to prevent osteoporosis, stimulates osteogenesis but impairs adipogenesis. Different clinical trials suggest that the... 相似文献
46.
A covalently bound photoisomerizable agonist. Comparison with reversibly bound agonists at electrophorus electroplaques 下载免费PDF全文
HA Lester ME Krouse MM Nass NH Wassermann BF Erlanger 《The Journal of general physiology》1980,75(2):207-232
After disulphide bonds are reduced with dithiothreitol, trans-3- (α-bromomethyl)-3’-[α- (trimethylammonium)methyl]azobenzene (trans-QBr) alkylates a sulfhydryl group on receptors. The membrane conductance induced by this “tethered agonist” shares many properties with that induced by reversible agonists. Equilibrium conductance increases as the membrane potential is made more negative; the voltage sensitivity resembles that seen with 50 [mu]M carbachol. Voltage- jump relaxations follow an exponential time-course; the rate constants are about twice as large as those seen with 50 μM carbachol and have the same voltage and temperature sensitivity. With reversible agonists, the rate of channel opening increases with the frequency of agonist-receptor collisions: with tethered trans-Qbr, this rate depends only on intramolecular events. In comparison to the conductance induced by reversible agonists, the QBr-induced conductance is at least 10-fold less sensitive to competitive blockade by tubocurarine and roughly as sensitive to “open-channel blockade” bu QX-222. Light-flash experiments with tethered QBr resemble those with the reversible photoisomerizable agonist, 3,3’,bis-[α-(trimethylammonium)methyl]azobenzene (Bis-Q): the conductance is increased by cis {arrow} trans photoisomerizations and decreased by trans {arrow} cis photoisomerizations. As with Bis-Q, ligh-flash relaxations have the same rate constant as voltage-jump relaxations. Receptors with tethered trans isomer. By comparing the agonist-induced conductance with the cis/tans ratio, we conclude that each channel’s activation is determined by the configuration of a single tethered QBr molecule. The QBr-induced conductance shows slow decreases (time constant, several hundred milliseconds), which can be partially reversed by flashes. The similarities suggest that the same rate-limiting step governs the opening and closing of channels for both reversible and tethered agonists. Therefore, this step is probably not the initial encounter between agonist and receptor molecules. 相似文献
47.
Cleusa P. Ferri Daisy Acosta Mariella Guerra Yueqin Huang Juan J. Llibre-Rodriguez Aquiles Salas Ana Luisa Sosa Joseph D. Williams Ciro Gaona Zhaorui Liu Lisseth Noriega-Fernandez A. T. Jotheeswaran Martin J. Prince 《PLoS medicine》2012,9(2)
Background
Even in low and middle income countries most deaths occur in older adults. In Europe, the effects of better education and home ownership upon mortality seem to persist into old age, but these effects may not generalise to LMICs. Reliable data on causes and determinants of mortality are lacking.Methods and Findings
The vital status of 12,373 people aged 65 y and over was determined 3–5 y after baseline survey in sites in Latin America, India, and China. We report crude and standardised mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios comparing mortality experience with that in the United States, and estimated associations with socioeconomic factors using Cox''s proportional hazards regression. Cause-specific mortality fractions were estimated using the InterVA algorithm. Crude mortality rates varied from 27.3 to 70.0 per 1,000 person-years, a 3-fold variation persisting after standardisation for demographic and economic factors. Compared with the US, mortality was much higher in urban India and rural China, much lower in Peru, Venezuela, and urban Mexico, and similar in other sites. Mortality rates were higher among men, and increased with age. Adjusting for these effects, it was found that education, occupational attainment, assets, and pension receipt were all inversely associated with mortality, and food insecurity positively associated. Mutually adjusted, only education remained protective (pooled hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.98). Most deaths occurred at home, but, except in India, most individuals received medical attention during their final illness. Chronic diseases were the main causes of death, together with tuberculosis and liver disease, with stroke the leading cause in nearly all sites.Conclusions
Education seems to have an important latent effect on mortality into late life. However, compositional differences in socioeconomic position do not explain differences in mortality between sites. Social protection for older people, and the effectiveness of health systems in preventing and treating chronic disease, may be as important as economic and human development. Please see later in the article for the Editors'' Summary 相似文献48.
Estrogen receptor β regulates the tumoral suppressor PTEN to modulate pituitary cell growth 下载免费PDF全文
49.
Miguel A. Gonz��lez-P��rez Pedro A. Sosa Elisabeth Rivero Edna A. Gonz��lez-Gonz��lez Agust��n Naranjo 《Annals of botany》2009,103(1):79-86