Der Feldbegriff in seiner Anwendung auf das Problem der Zellteilung

Summary The authors show that in certain isolated tissues (cornea of frog, mouse cancer) the mitotic processes continue during at least one hour. They are very strongly stimulated by heat and also by mitogenetic radiation. In the case of the cancer cells new mitoses are promoted in considerable number. A detailed analysis of both energy factors leads to the conclusion that they effect a disturbance of the unstable constellations (structures) of the elementary particles in the cell-body. Thus a certain degree of disorganisation of its plasma seems to stimulate cell-division. This statement is, in the opinion of the authors a proof that cell-division is controlled by a field, the trajectories of the elementary particles of the cell-body being a function of their coordinates relative to the cell-axes.

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Résumé Les auteurs démontrent que dans certains tissus survivants (la cornée des yeux de grenouille et le cancer de souris) les mitoses continuent leur processus d'évolution durant au moins une heure. Par l'application de chaleur aussi bien que par l'irradiation mitogénétique on peut accélérer beaucoup le rhythme des mitoses en cours d'évolution et provoquer (dans les cas de cancer seulement) l'apparition d'un nombre considérable de nouvelles mitoses. L'analyse de l'action de ces deux facteurs d'énergie aboutit à la conclusion qu'il ne peut s'agir que d'un dérangement des constellations instables des éléments du corps cellulaire. On peut en déduire qu'un certain degré de désorganisation du plasme est favorable aux divisions cellulaires. En poursuivant et en développant cette conception, les auteurs arrivent à la conception du champ cellulaire de division, définissant les trajectoires des particules élémentaires comme fonction de ses coordonnés relativement aux axes des cellules.

     

Selection of flowering forbs for conserving natural enemies in rice fields

The diversity of natural enemies harboured by flowering forbs on rice field bunds was recorded. Ageratum conozoides with a maximum Shannon diversity index of 1.8 followed by Acmella uliginosa, Eclipta alba and Tridax procumbens are amenable for ecological engineering, providing nectar, pollen and alternate prey to natural enemies.     

Understanding primate communities: Recent developments and future directions

In 1999, the edited volume Primate Communities presented several studies that examined broad‐scale patterns of primate diversity.¹ Similar studies were being conducted on nonprimate taxa; advances in data availability and statistical approaches were allowing scientists to investigate a variety of new questions and to reexamine classical questions in novel ways. While such studies on nonprimate taxa have continued at a steady pace, they have only crept forward for primate species (Fig. 1 ). In the intervening time, the field of macroecology (Box 1) rapidly developed and has resulted in several books 2 - 4 and the establishment of new research institutes. We suggest that examining primate communities, especially in a macroecological context, is an important line of research for our field to embrace and an area where biological anthropologists can provide major contributions. We review the current state of research, describe new datasets and research tools, and suggest future research directions.     

Circadian rhythm does not affect responses to chemical cues in the red swamp crayfish,Procambarus clarkii

Studies of crayfish chemical ecology have been conducted in both day and night conditions. This variation may hinder the comparison of data among studies, if the responses by crayfish to chemical cues are dependent upon the time at which the cues are encountered. We tested the hypothesis that responses to chemical cues are dependent on observation time using the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Procambarus clarkii is known to exhibit a light-regulated circadian rhythm, with nocturnal activity peaks. Habitat use differed significantly between non-stimulated periods and periods of exposure to a food stimulus, but no effects of photoperiod (normal vs. reversed) or laboratory conditions (dark vs. light) were observed. The results suggest that, all else being equal, (1) studies of crayfish chemical ecology can be successfully conducted in a variety of experimental conditions, and (2) previous studies conducted at various times of the day should have comparable results.     

Testing of the method for water microleakage detection from OH hydroxyl spectral lines at the L-2M stellarator

Results are presented from L-2M stellarator experiments on testing a possible method for detection of water microleakages in the cooling system of the first wall and vacuum chamber of ITER. The method consists in the spectroscopic detection of spectral lines of the OH hydroxyl, which forms via the dissociation of water molecules in plasma. Emission in the spectral band of 305–310 nm can be detected even at water leakage rates less than 10^?4 Pa m³/s. Chemical reactions between water and boron compounds on the vacuum chamber wall delay the detection of leakages up to ～2000 s. A similar phenomenon can be expected when a leakage will occur in ITER, where the materials suggested for the first wall (Be, Li) can also chemically react with water.     

Proteomics advances for precision therapy in ovarian cancer

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Due to the relatively low mutation rate and high frequency of copy number variation, finding actionable genetic drivers of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a challenging task. Furthermore, emerging studies show that genetic alterations are frequently poorly represented at the protein level adding a layer of complexity. With improvements in large-scale proteomic technologies, proteomics studies have the potential to provide robust analysis of the pathways driving high HGSC behavior.

Areas covered: This review summarizes recent large-scale proteomics findings across adequately sized ovarian cancer sample sets. Key words combined with ‘ovarian cancer’ including ‘proteomics’, ‘proteogenomic’, ‘reverse-phase protein array’, ‘mass spectrometry’, and ‘adaptive response’, were used to search PubMed.

Expert opinion: Proteomics analysis of HGSC as well as their adaptive responses to therapy can uncover new therapeutic liabilities, which can reduce the emergence of drug resistance and potentially improve patient outcomes. There is a pressing need to better understand how the genomic and epigenomic heterogeneity intrinsic to ovarian cancer is reflected at the protein level and how this information could be used to improve patient outcomes.     

The Auchenorrhyncha fauna of peat bogs in the Austrian part of the Bohemian Forest (Insecta,Hemiptera)

The first overview on the Auchenorrhyncha fauna of peat bogs of the Austrian Bohemian Forest is presented. Seven oligotrophic peat bog sites were studied in 2011 by suction sampler (“G-Vac”) and 93 Auchenorrhyncha species (with 7465 adult specimens) were recorded. Eleven species (about 18 % of the individuals) are tyrphobiontic or tyrphophilous. The relative species abundance plot is not very steep; the six most abundant species represent 50 % of the individuals. The most common species is Conomelus anceps (17 % of the individuals). Compared to the whole Austrian Auchenorrhyncha fauna, the fauna of peat bogs comprises distinctly more univoltine species and more species hibernating in nymphal stage. Densities of adult Auchenorrhyncha in peat bogs are low in spring (about 10–60 individuals per m²) and high in July, with up to 180 (±50) individuals per m². Disturbed peat bogs have higher species numbers and higher Auchenorrhyncha densities in total, but lower numbers and densities in peat bog specialists.