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81.
Laminin α1 Chain Synthesis in the Mouse Developing Lung: Requirement for Epithelial–Mesenchymal Contact and Possible Role in Bronchial Smooth muscle Development 下载免费PDF全文
Lucia Schuger Amy P.N. Skubitz Jun Zhang Lydia Sorokin Li He 《The Journal of cell biology》1997,139(2):553-562
Laminins, the main components of basement membranes, are heterotrimers consisting of α, β, and γ polypeptide chains linked together by disulfide bonds. Laminins-1 and -2 are both composed of β1 and γ1 chains and differ from each other on their α chain, which is α1 and α2 for laminin-1 and -2, respectively. The present study shows that whereas laminins-1 and -2 are synthesized in the mouse developing lung and in epithelial–mesenchymal cocultures derived from it, epithelial and mesenchymal monocultures lose their ability to synthesize the laminin α1 chain. Synthesis of laminin α1 chain however returns upon re-establishment of epithelial–mesenchymal contact. Cell–cell contact is critical, since laminin α1 chain is not detected in monocultures exposed to coculture-conditioned medium or in epithelial–mesenchymal cocultures in which heterotypic cell–cell contact is prevented by an interposing filter. Immunohistochemical studies on cocultures treated with brefeldin A, an inhibitor of protein secretion, indicated both epithelial and mesenchymal cells synthesize laminin α1 chain upon heterotypic cell– cell contact. In a set of functional studies, embryonic lung explants were cultured in the presence of monoclonal antibodies to laminin α1, α2, and β/γ chains. Lung explants exposed to monoclonal antibodies to laminin α1 chain exhibited alterations in peribronchial cell shape and decreased smooth muscle development, as indicated by low levels of smooth muscle α actin and desmin. Taken together, our studies suggest that laminin α1 chain synthesis is regulated by epithelial–mesenchymal interaction and may play a role in airway smooth muscle development. 相似文献
82.
Lydia M. Sorokin Moira A. L. Maley Helga Moch Helga von der Mark Klaus von der Mark Laurence Cadalbert Stefanie Karosi Marilyn J. Davies John K. McGeachie Miranda D. Grounds 《Experimental cell research》2000,256(2):500
The expression of laminin isoforms and laminin-binding integrin receptors known to occur in muscle was investigated during myogenic regeneration after crush injury. Comparisons were made between dystrophic 129ReJ dy/dy mice, which have reduced laminin α2 expression, and their normal littermates. The overall histological pattern of regeneration after crush injury was similar in dy/dy and control muscle, but proceeded faster in dy/dy mice. In vitro studies revealed a greater yield of mononuclear cells extracted from dy/dy muscle and a reduced proportion of desmin-positive cells upon in vitro cultivation, reflecting the presence of inflammatory cells and “preactivated” myoblasts due to ongoing regenerative processes within the endogenous dystrophic lesions. Laminin α1 was not detectable in skeletal muscle. Laminin α2 was present in basement membranes of mature myofibers and newly formed myotubes in control and dy/dy muscles, albeit weaker in dy/dy. Laminin α2-negative myogenic cells were detected in dy/dy and control muscle, suggesting the involvement of other laminin α chains in early myogenic differentiation, such as laminin α4 and α5 which were both transiently expressed in basement membranes of newly formed myotubes of dy/dy and control mice. Integrin β1 was expressed on endothelial cells, muscle fibers, and peripheral nerves in uninjured muscle and broadened after crush injury to the interstitium where it occurred on myogenic and nonmyogenic cells. Integrin α3 was not expressed in uninjured or regenerating muscle, while integrin α6 was expressed mainly on endothelial cells and peripheral nerves in uninjured muscle. Upon crush injury integrin α6 increased in the interstitium mainly on nonmyogenic cells, including infiltrating leukocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. In dy/dy muscle, integrin α6 occurred on some newly formed myotubes. Integrin α7 was expressed on muscle fibers at the myotendinous junction and showed weak and irregular expression on muscle fibers. After crush injury, integrin α7 expression extended to the newly formed myotubes and some myoblasts. However, many myoblasts and newly formed myotubes were integrin α7 negative. No marked difference was observed in integrin α7 expression between dy/dy and control muscle, either uninjured or after crush injury. Only laminin α4 and integrin α6 expression patterns were notably different between dy/dy and control muscle. Expression of both molecules was more extensive in dy/dy muscle, especially in the interstitium of regenerating areas and on newly formed myotubes. In view of the faster myogenic regeneration observed in dy/dy mice, the data suggest that laminin α4 and integrin α6 support myogenic regeneration. However, whether these accelerated myogenic effects are a direct consequence of the reduced laminin α2 expression in dy/dy mice, or an accentuation of the ongoing regenerative events in focal lesions in the muscle, requires further investigation. 相似文献
83.
Eugene?A.?Arifulin Dmitry?V.?Sorokin Anna?V.?Tvorogova Margarita?A.?Kurnaeva Yana?R.?Musinova Oxana?A.?Zhironkina Sergey?A.?Golyshev Sergey?S.?Abramchuk Yegor?S.?VassetzkyEmail author Eugene?V.?ShevalEmail author 《Chromosoma》2018,127(4):529-537
Nuclear bodies are relatively immobile organelles. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying their movement using experimentally induced interphase prenucleolar bodies (iPNBs). Most iPNBs demonstrated constrained diffusion, exhibiting infrequent fusions with other iPNBs and nucleoli. Fusion events were actin-independent and appeared to be the consequence of stochastic collisions between iPNBs. Most iPNBs were surrounded by condensed chromatin, while fusing iPNBs were usually found in a single heterochromatin-delimited compartment (“cage”). The experimentally induced over-condensation of chromatin significantly decreased the frequency of iPNB fusion. Thus, the data obtained indicate that the mobility of nuclear bodies is restricted by heterochromatin. 相似文献
84.
The oligonucleotide composition of the E. coli genome and its sigma70-specific promoters has been analyzed. The promoter DNA was shown to contain mainly AT-rich hexanucleotides having functionally important physical properties such as the ability to form easily melting sites and induce the bending of the double helix. A comparative analysis of the electrostatic characteristics of hexanucleotides within the whole sequence of the E. coli genome and its promoter regions was made. Hexanucleotides possessing a more electronegative surrounding were found to predominate in the nucleotide sequence of the promoter DNA. 相似文献
85.
86.
Bacterial diversity and activity along a salinity gradient in soda lakes of the Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Foti MJ Sorokin DY Zacharova EE Pimenov NV Kuenen JG Muyzer G 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2008,12(1):133-145
Here we describe the diversity and activity of sulfate reducing bacteria along a salinity gradient in four different soda
lakes from the Kulunda Steppe (South East Siberia, Russia). For this purpose, a combination of culture-dependent and independent
techniques was applied. The general bacterial and SRB diversity were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)
targeting the 16S rDNA gene. DNA was used to detect the microbial populations that were present in the soda lake sediments,
whereas ribosomal RNA was used as a template to obtain information on those that were active. Individual DGGE bands were sequenced
and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. In addition, the overall activity of SRB was obtained by measuring the sulfate
reduction rates (SRR) and their abundance was estimated by serial dilution. Our results showed the presence of minor, but
highly active microbial populations, mostly represented by members of the Proteobacteria. Remarkably high SRR were measured at hypersaline conditions (200 g L−1). A relatively high viable count indicated that sulfate reducing bacteria could be highly active in hypersaline soda lakes.
Furthermore, the increase of sodium carbonate/bicarbonate seemed to affect the composition of the microbial community in soda
lakes, but not the rate of sulfate reduction. 相似文献
87.
An anaerobic enrichment with pyruvate as electron donor and thiosulfate at pH 10 and 0.6 M Na+ inoculated with pasteurized soda lake sediments resulted in a sulfidogenic coculture of two morphotypes of obligately anaerobic
haloalkaliphilic endospore-forming clostridia, which were further isolated in pure culture. Strain AHT16 was a thin long rod
able to ferment sugars and pyruvate and to respire H2, formate and pyruvate using thiosulfate and fumarate as electron acceptors and growing optimally at pH 9.5. Thiosulfate was
reduced incompletely to sulfide and sulfite. The strain was closely related (99% sequence similarity) to a peptolytic alkaliphilic
clostridium Natronincola peptidovorans. Strain AHT17 was a short rod with a restricted respiratory metabolism, growing with pyruvate and lactate as electron donor
and sulfite, thiosulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors with a pH optimum 9.5. Thiosulfate was reduced completely
via sulfite to sulfide. The ability of AHT17 to use sulfite explained the stability of the original coculture of the two clostridia—one
member forming sulfite from thiosulfate and another consuming it. Strain AHT17 formed an independent deep phylogenetic lineage
within the Clostridiales and is proposed as a new genus and species Desulfitisporum alkaliphilum gen. nov., sp. nov. (=DSM 22410T = UNIQEM U794T). 相似文献
88.
T. P. Tourova O. L. Kovaleva B. K. Bumazhkin E. O. Patutina B. B. Kuznetsov I. A. Bryantseva V. M. Gorlenko D. Yu. Sorokin 《Microbiology》2011,80(6):812-825
The genes encoding the key metabolic reactions are often used as functional markers for phylogenetic analysis and microbial
ecology studies. The composition and structure of the genes encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) of various
photoautotrophic bacteria, representatives of the order Chromatiales, including collection strains and the strains isolated from saline and soda lakes, were studied in detail. The green-like
form I RuBisCO was detected in the majority of the studied strains. In some strains, the genes encoding both form I and form
II RuBisCO were present, which has not been previously known for the representatives of this group of bacteria. Moreover,
RuBisCO genes were used as functional markers to investigate the autotrophic microbial community inhabiting the upper horizons
of bottom sediments of two saline soda lakes and two hypersaline neutral lakes of the Kulunda Steppe. In general, the diversity
of autotrophic bacteria in the studied sediment horizons was low. In soda lakes, haloalkaliphilic cyanobacteria and sulfuroxidizing
bacteria (SOB) of the genus Halorhodospira were predominant. In saline lakes, halophilic chemoautotrophic SOB Halothiobacillus and Thioalkalivibrio were found, as well as photoautotrophic bacteria of the genus Ectothiorhodosinus and cyanobacteria. Many phylotypes remained unidentified, which indicates the presence of groups of microorganisms with an
unknown type of metabolism. 相似文献
89.
Mikhail Vainshtein Natalia Belova Tatiana Kulakovskaya Natalia Suzina Vladimir Sorokin 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2014,41(4):657-663
Industrial production of magneto-sensitive nanoparticles, which can be used in the production of target drug delivery carriers, is a subject of interest for biotechnology and microbiology. Synthesis of these nanoparticles by microorganisms has been described only for bacterial species. At the same time, it is well known that yeasts can form various metal-containing nanoparticles used, for instance, in semiconductors, etc. This paper describes the first results of the biosynthesis of magneto-sensitive nanoparticles by yeasts. The organisms we used—Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus humicola—represented two different genera. Magneto-sensitive nanoparticles were synthesized at room temperature in bench-scale experiments. The study included transmission electron microscopy of the yeast cells and their energy dispersive spectrum analyses and revealed the presence of iron-containing nanoparticles. Both yeast cultures synthesized nanoparticles at high concentrations of dissolved iron. Electron microscopy showed that nanoparticles were associated mainly with the yeast cell wall. Formation of magneto-sensitive nanoparticles was studied under conditions of applied magnetic fields; a possible stimulating role of magnetic field is suggested. On the whole, the paper reports a novel approach to green biosynthesis of magneto-sensitive nanoparticles. 相似文献
90.
Microbial diversity and biogeochemical cycling in soda lakes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dimitry Y. Sorokin Tom Berben Emily Denise Melton Lex Overmars Charlotte D. Vavourakis Gerard Muyzer 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2014,18(5):791-809
Soda lakes contain high concentrations of sodium carbonates resulting in a stable elevated pH, which provide a unique habitat to a rich diversity of haloalkaliphilic bacteria and archaea. Both cultivation-dependent and -independent methods have aided the identification of key processes and genes in the microbially mediated carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur biogeochemical cycles in soda lakes. In order to survive in this extreme environment, haloalkaliphiles have developed various bioenergetic and structural adaptations to maintain pH homeostasis and intracellular osmotic pressure. The cultivation of a handful of strains has led to the isolation of a number of extremozymes, which allow the cell to perform enzymatic reactions at these extreme conditions. These enzymes potentially contribute to biotechnological applications. In addition, microbial species active in the sulfur cycle can be used for sulfur remediation purposes. Future research should combine both innovative culture methods and state-of-the-art ‘meta-omic’ techniques to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbes that flourish in these extreme environments and the processes they mediate. Coupling the biogeochemical C, N, and S cycles and identifying where each process takes place on a spatial and temporal scale could unravel the interspecies relationships and thereby reveal more about the ecosystem dynamics of these enigmatic extreme environments. 相似文献