饲料中添加外源酶对大黄鱼和鲈氮磷排泄的影响

本研究以大黄鱼和鲈为实验对象,探讨饲料中添加植酸酶(PY)和非淀粉性多糖酶(WX和VP)对其氨氮和可溶性磷(PO3-4-P)排泄的影响.以含植物蛋白的饲料为基础饲料,分别向每千克饲料中添加200mg植酸酶(酶的活性为2500IU/g)、 800mg WX(主要包括葡聚糖酶、戊聚糖酶和纤维素酶,各种酶的活性皆为50IU/g)、 400mg VP(主要为木聚糖酶,酶的活性为1000IU/g)以及800mg WX 400mg VP配制出5种实验饲料.实验鱼在海水网箱中经过8周的摄食驯养后,转入室内水族箱中进行氮磷排泄测定实验.在水族箱中经2天的适应后,测定饥饿状态下氨氮及可溶性磷的排泄率.然后饱食投喂,并连续测定摄食后48h内鱼体氨氮和可溶性磷的排泄率.实验期间水温为26.5-32.5℃,盐度为32.5‰-36‰,溶氧在7 mg/L以上.实验结果表明,饥饿状态下实验鱼的氨氮和可溶性磷排泄不受实验饲料影响(p>0.05).而在饱食条件下,实验饲料中添加非淀粉性多糖酶(WX、VP及WX VP)显著降低了实验鱼的氨氮排泄率(p<0.05),而添加植酸酶组实验鱼的氨氮排泄率与对照组差异不显著.饲料处理对实验鱼可溶性磷的排泄率的影响不显著(p>0.05),但添加植酸酶组实验鱼的可溶性磷排泄率有增加的趋势.     

灰胸竹鸡消化系统形态解剖初探

观察和测定了13只灰胸竹鸡消化系统的解剖参数,结果表明:雌性和雄性体重分别为227.39 g和216.79 g,体长分别为237.22 mm和230.00 mm;腺胃粘膜表面具有40～50枚圆形乳头,肌胃较发达;雌性和雄性的食道分别长约93.96 mm和99.75 mm,肠道总长分别为683.83 mm和672.95 mm,肝脏分别重4.87 g和5.20 g,胰脏分别重0.38 g和0.45 g.此研究为进行竹鸡的人工驯养和生物学研究提供解剖学资料.     

分子伴侣GroE系统能量传递机制的研究

用SwissPDBViewer软件对分子伴侣GroE系统与底物的相互作用进行了模拟 ,结果表明 :GroEL顶端结构域在GroES和靶蛋白结合之后发生了明显的变化 ;GroEL的cis环上有与三磷酸腺苷ATP相结合的位点 ,ATP水解之后形成的ADP与活性中心的残基相结合 ,而这种结合除导致残基Thr30的构型发生了变化之外 ,其它残基的空间位置和构型基本保持不变 ,暗示其它残基在能量传递过程中形成了刚性骨架 ,而与ADP分子磷酸键结合的残基Thr30则是能量传递的力点。     

Synthesis and characterization of Ru(arene) complexes of bispyrazolylazines: Catalytic hydrogen transfer of ketones

The bis(pyrazol-1-yl)azine ligands 2,3-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)quinoxaline (bpzqnx), 2,3-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazine (bpzprz) and 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine (bpz*pdz) were prepared by the reaction of pyrazolate salts and the corresponding azine dichloride derivatives. The reaction of these ligands with Ru(arene) precursors led to the mononuclear complexes [RuCl(arene)(L)]BPh₄ (arene = p-cymene, L = bpzqnx, 1, bpzprz, 5, bpz*pdz, 7; arene = C₆H₆, L = bpzqnx, 2, bpzprz, 6, bpz*pdz, 8) with the N-donor ligand coordinated in a bidentate chelate way. In general, the ligands coordinate through one pyrazole ring and the azine, except in the cases of 1 and 2 where the two pyrazolyl rings are coordinated to the metal in a symmetrical way. When the reactions between the ruthenium precursors and bpzqnx are carried out in MeOH, the complexes [RuCl(arene)(OMepzqnx)]BPh₄ with partially methanolyzed ligands are isolated (arene = p-cymene, 3; C₆H₆, 4). In this process a methoxy group has replaced one of the pyrazole groups in the ligand. The X-ray structures of 6 and 7 have been determined. These compounds have a three-legged piano-stool structure with cations and anions packed through weak interactions. Complexes 1-8 are active in ketone hydrogenation transfer processes even in the absence of base.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,6-diamino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives as protein kinase inhibitors

The synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of differently substituted 3,6-diamino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives are reported. From the inhibition results on a selection of disease-relevant protein kinases [IC₅₀ (μM) DYRK1A = 11; CDK5 = 0.41; GSK-3 = 1.5] we have observed that 3,6-diamino-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (4) constitutes a potential new and simple lead compound in the search of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.     

Influence of the H‐site residue 108 on human glutathione transferase P1‐1 ligand binding: Structure‐thermodynamic relationships and thermal stability

The effect of the Y108V mutation of human glutathione S‐transferase P1‐1 (hGST P1‐1) on the binding of the diuretic drug ethacrynic acid (EA) and its glutathione conjugate (EASG) was investigated by calorimetric, spectrofluorimetric, and crystallographic studies. The mutation Tyr 108 → Val resulted in a 3D‐structure very similar to the wild type (wt) enzyme, where both the hydrophobic ligand binding site (H‐site) and glutathione binding site (G‐site) are unchanged except for the mutation itself. However, due to a slight increase in the hydrophobicity of the H‐site, as a consequence of the mutation, an increase in the entropy was observed. The Y108V mutation does not affect the affinity of EASG for the enzyme, which has a higher affinity (K_d ～ 0.5 μM) when compared with those of the parent compounds, K ～ 13 μM, K ～ 25 μM. The EA moiety of the conjugate binds in the H‐site of Y108V mutant in a fashion completely different to those observed in the crystal structures of the EA or EASG wt complex structures. We further demonstrate that the ΔC_p values of binding can also be correlated with the potential stacking interactions between ligand and residues located in the binding sites as predicted from crystal structures. Moreover, the mutation does not significantly affect the global stability of the enzyme. Our results demonstrate that calorimetric measurements maybe useful in determining the preference of binding (the binding mode) for a drug to a specific site of the enzyme, even in the absence of structural information.     

瓜实蝇的有效积温及其在中国的年发生代数预测

瓜实蝇Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett是世界上重要的检疫性害虫,通过在14、18、22、26、30、34℃温度下孵化和饲养实验,测定该虫卵、幼虫、蛹、产卵前期、世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别是8．0982℃、4．5245℃、4．5245℃、7．4751℃、10．0019℃和28．8506、162．7462、145．7249、166．5126、503．8343日度。根据该虫的致死温度和有效积温模型,运用数学分析和地理信息系统技术,预测了瓜实蝇在中国的适生区和年发生代数,结果表明：该虫可在中国48．96％地区发生（气象站点所代表的地区）,1年发生2-12代,以4～6代为主。     

危重病多发神经病与危重病肌病的研究进展

危重病多发神经病(CIP)与危重病肌病(CIM)是重症监护病房(ICU)中患者重要的并发症,是机械通气病人撤机困难的主要原因之一.但由于其诊断困难,一定程度上阻碍了对CIP和CIM的研究,使之成为临床上棘手的问题.随着电生理学的进展,其发病机理得到了初步认识.本文围绕CIP和CIMD的发病机制、临床表现和鉴别诊断作一综述.     

Usefulness and validation of a coproantigen test for dog echinococcosis screening in the consolidation phase of hydatid control in Neuquén,Argentina

Hydatidosis is endemic in Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina, even though sanitary authorities have been performing a control programme since 1970. At present, the programme is in consolidation phase, and dogs have being evaluated by arecoline purgation. The aims of this study were to evaluate diagnostic performance of a coproantigen (CAg) ELISA test developed “in house” and to assess CAg detection in prepatent period. We examined 8 dogs experimentally infected with Echinococcus granulosus and 403 rural dogs in an endemic area in Neuquén using CAg ELISA test and arecoline purgation. Within the experimental dog group, sensitivity and specificity of the test were 93.6% and 88.5% respectively. In rural dogs group, the overall prevalence of canine echinococcosis was 3.7% using arecoline purgation and 12.4% by the CAg test; sensitivity and specificity of the test using arecoline purge as standard were 73.3% and 89.9% respectively. Possible cross reactions in CAg test were evaluated in rural dogs: CAg was undetectable in 96.4% of the dogs infected only with taeniids non-E. granulosus, and in 90.1% of dogs infected with non-taeniid helminths. The CAg test could detect infections within prepatent period and produced negative results after worm expulsion. Our test showed adequate diagnostic performance with experimentally and naturally infected dogs, in the epidemiological situation of Neuquén. Employment of this sensitive and practical method for surveillance in the control programme in Neuquén would improve screening of canine echinococcosis by detecting infected dogs even with low burdens or within prepatent period.