薄荷化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

对国内外有关薄荷的化学成分和药理作用的研究进行了综述,为进一步研究和开发利用薄荷提供了依据。     

一步法发酵菊芋生产乙醇

利用马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)YX01具有菊粉酶生产能力且乙醇发酵性能良好的特点,直接发酵菊粉生成乙醇.在摇瓶中考察了该菌株最适发酵温度,进而在2.5L发酵罐中考察了通气量和底物浓度的影响.实验结果表明:该菌株最适发酵温度为35℃;在通气量为50 mL/min和100 mL/min时菌体生长加快,发酵时间缩短,但在不通气条件下糖醇转化率明显提高;在菊粉浓度235 g/L时,发酵终点乙醇浓度达到92.2 g/L,乙醇对糖的得率为0.436,为理论值的85.5%.在此基础上,使用近海滩涂种植海水灌溉收获的菊芋为底物,以批式补料方式直接发酵菊芋干粉浓度为280 g/L的底物,发酵终点乙醇浓度为84.0 g/L,乙醇对糖的得率为0.405,为理论值的80.0%.这些研究工作,为以菊芋为原料的燃料乙醇技术开发奠定了基础.     

栓皮栎林的生物量

本文对北京西山海拔300米的26年生人工栓皮栎林的生物量作了测定。粮据十株伐倒的标准木分别取得乔木各部分的干重。采用W=a(D2H)b的幂函数方程,获得每公顷土地上的树干重32.16吨,枝条重9.85吨、叶重1.68吨、根重9.95吨。对灌木和草本植物采用收割法作测定：灌木的地上部分每公顷为1.33吨,地下部分为2.3吨;草本植物的地上部分每公顷为0.15吨,地下部分为0.8吨。所以栓皮栎的地上部分总生物量每公顷为45.17吨,地下部分13.05吨,总计58.22吨。     

人工繁殖恒河猴的血清前清蛋白、转铁蛋白、苹果酸脱氢酶和醇脱氢酶遗传多态性研究

用薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析118头人繁殖恒河猴血清四种蛋白质和同工酶遗传基因位点的多态性,结果表明,除醇脱氢酶(ADH)为单态外,其余三个基因位点均表现多态,前清蛋白(PA)可分为AA、AB、AC、AD和BB、CC,EE七种表型,各基因的频率为A 0.85,B 0.072,C 0.042,D 0.009,E 0.034转铁蛋白(Tf)可分为CC、DD、EE、FFGG、CD、CE、CG、CH、DE、DF、DG、DH、EF、EG、EH、FG十七种表型,墓因频率为C 0.064,D 0.380,E 0.188,F 0.111,G 0.244,H 0.014,苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)可分MDH)1-1和MDH2-1两种表型,基因频率为MDH~10.958和MDH~20.042。     

Molecular genetic characterization of rice seed lipoxygenase 3 and assessment of its effects on seed longevity

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are enzymes involved in lipid peroxidation. Here we reported the identification, molecular and functional characterization of the gene encoding rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed LOX3 (sLOX3). Via a map-based cloning strategy we identified Os03g0700400 as the candidate gene encoding sLOX3. Further functional complementary test and biochemical characterization of the recombinant Os03g0700400 protein verified the identification. The sLOX3 gene was highly expressed in roots, moderately in embryos and very weakly in leaves, leaf sheaths and stems. Transient expression experiment (in rice protoplasts) and subsequent laser confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that the sLOX3 protein was localized into the cytosol. We next showed that overexpression of sLOX3 in a japonica sLOX3-normal rice cultivar, Wuyunjing 7 accelerated the decrease of seed germination ability when the seeds were routinely stored, which demonstrated that sLOX3 had a negative effect on seed longevity (storability). Meanwhile, an increased occurrence of embryo decay was observed in the same transgenic seeds, suggesting that sLOX3 might negatively affect seed longevity by facilitating colonization of particular seed pathogens. Our result forwarded the understanding of the effects of 9-LOX on rice seed longevity.     

马来良姜花柱卷曲运动的结构基础

山姜属(Alpinia L.)植物的花柱具卷曲运动的能力,该属植物的野生种群有两种表型的个体,其花柱运动方向相反。该文通过观察马来良姜(Alpinia mutica Roxb.)花柱的显微和超微结构来研究花柱卷曲运动的结构基础。结果表明两种表型的花柱解剖结构相同。花柱仅形态学上端区域(约占花柱总长度的25%)有卷曲运动能力,其它区域不能运动。运动区近轴侧分布着几层直径较大、形状不规则、相对较短且细胞壁较薄的细胞,远轴侧的细胞直径较小、狭长;非运动区近轴和远轴侧的细胞都呈狭长形。花柱运动区域近轴侧和远轴侧细胞结构和细胞层数的不对称可能是导致花柱卷曲运动的结构原因。     

耐阴地被植物及其在园林中的应用

阐述了耐阴地被植物的概念及分类,并根据植物特点、习性和园林造景实例说明阴生地被植物在园林中的应用选择,为园林绿化工作者提供了参考依据。     

Development of highly polymorphic SNP markers from the complexity reduced portion of maize [Zea mays L.] genome for use in marker-assisted breeding

The duplicated and the highly repetitive nature of the maize genome has historically impeded the development of true single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in this crop. Recent advances in genome complexity reduction methods coupled with sequencing-by-synthesis technologies permit the implementation of efficient genome-wide SNP discovery in maize. In this study, we have applied Complexity Reduction of Polymorphic Sequences technology (Keygene N.V., Wageningen, The Netherlands) for the identification of informative SNPs between two genetically distinct maize inbred lines of North and South American origins. This approach resulted in the discovery of 1,123 putative SNPs representing low and single copy loci. In silico and experimental (Illumina GoldenGate (GG) assay) validation of putative SNPs resulted in mapping of 604 markers, out of which 188 SNPs represented 43 haplotype blocks distributed across all ten chromosomes. We have determined and clearly stated a specific combination of stringent criteria (>0.3 minor allele frequency, >0.8 GenTrainScore and >0.5 Chi_test100 score) necessary for the identification of highly polymorphic and genetically stable SNP markers. Due to these criteria, we identified a subset of 120 high-quality SNP markers to leverage in GG assay-based marker-assisted selection projects. A total of 32 high-quality SNPs represented 21 haplotypes out of 43 identified in this study. The information on the selection criteria of highly polymorphic SNPs in a complex genome such as maize and the public availability of these SNP assays will be of great value for the maize molecular genetics and breeding community.     

Different protective roles in vitro of alpha- and beta-domains of growth inhibitory factor (GIF) on neuron injuries caused by oxygen free radicals.

It was well known that beta-amyloid (Abeta) and tau protein play an important role in pathological procedure of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a senile dementia. The growth inhibitory factor (GIF, also named metallothionein-3, MT-3) had been demonstrated to inhibit the outgrowth of cortex neurons in the medium with extract of the AD patient brain. In our experiments, it was found that the neurons of cortex and the PC12 (pheochromocytoma) cells could be protected from the cytotoxicity of beta-amyloid 25-35 in presence of GIF and its domains. Additionally, GIF can scavenge the hydroxyl radical efficiently in CytC-VitC radical producing system and its alpha-domain shown more effective potentials than its beta-domain. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra also show that the alpha-domain has more potential ability for eliminating reactive oxygen free radicals than its beta-domain. The results suggest that GIF could act as an efficient scavenger against free radicals in vitro and the alpha-domain in GIF molecule shows more potential in protecting against reactive oxygen species injury than the beta-domain.