重金属镉、锌在菹草叶细胞中的超微定位观察

水环境污染中十分突出的是重金属的污染 ,主要来源为流入物、渗漏和大气沉降 (Ｌａｒｃｈｅｒ ,1995 )。由于重金属污染物不但不能被微生物所分解 ,而且能在生物体内富集 ,并通过水生食物链的生物放大作用而对高营养级的生物甚至人类造成危害 ,因此日益引起人们的特别关注。许多研究从超微结构损伤和生理生化的角度研究了重金属对植物的毒害机制。施国新等 (2 0 0 0 )观察了重金属汞、镉污染对水生植物黑藻叶细胞的超微结构损伤。彭鸣等 (1991)研究了重金属镉、铅诱导的玉米超微结构的变化。李荣春 (2 0 0 0 )研究了Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ及其复合污染…     

Homology modeling threedimensional structure of AnxB1 and reducing its immunogenicity by sequence-deleted mutagenesis

AnxB1,a novel annexin previously isolated from Cysticercus cellulose,shows high thrombi affinity and anticoagulant activity in vivo.In order to investigate the relationship between structure and biological function,a predicted three-dimensional(3D)model of AnxB1 was generated by homology modeling.This model contains four homologous internal-domains and the Cα trace of domain Ⅰ,Ⅱ and IV shows high similarity.Based on the structure characterization,four sequence-deleted mutants were constructed and expressed as GST fusion proteins in E.coli.Two of the mutants,GST-M3 and GST-M4 reserved high anticoagulant activity(p＜0.01 vs.GST).Furthermore,compared with the wild type GST-AnxB1,the immunogenicity of GST-M3 and GST-M4 was reduced significantly(p＜0.01)and the molecular weight was lowered to 27 kD and 34 kD,respectively.These observations laid a solid foundation for further study on developing new thrombolytic agents with higher efficiency and lower side effect.     

High‐fat diet‐induced dysbiosis mediates MCP‐1/CCR2 axis‐dependent M2 macrophage polarization and promotes intestinal adenoma‐adenocarcinoma sequence

High‐fat diet (HFD) is a well‐known risk factor for gut microbiota dysbiosis and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, evidence relating HFD, gut microbiota and carcinogenesis is limited. Our study aimed to demonstrate that HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis promoted intestinal adenoma‐adenocarcinoma sequence. In clinical study, we found that HFD increased the incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (AN). The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1), CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and CD163 in CRC patients with HFD was significantly higher than that in CRC patients with normal diet. When it comes to the Apc^min/+ mice, HFD consumption could induce gut dysbiosis and promote intestinal carcinogenesis, accompanying with activation of MCP‐1/CCR2 axis that recruited and polarized M2 tumour‐associated macrophages. Interestingly, transfer of faecal microbiota from HFD‐fed mice to another batch of Apc^min/+ mice in the absence of HFD could also enhance carcinogenesis without significant body weight gain and induced MCP‐1/CCR2 axis activation. HFD‐induced dysbiosis could also be transmitted. Meanwhile, antibiotics cocktail treatment was sufficient to inhibit HFD‐induced carcinogenesis, indicating the vital role of dysbiosis in cancer development. Conclusively, these data indicated that HFD‐induced dysbiosis accelerated intestinal adenoma‐adenocarcinoma sequence through activation of MCP‐1/CCR2 axis, which would provide new insight into better understanding of the mechanisms and prevention for HFD‐related CRC.     

改良三倍体鲫鱼的生物学特性研究

利用鱼类远缘杂交和雌核发育相结合的方法培育出改良四倍体鲫鲤和改良二倍体红鲫,两者交配制备出一种改良三倍体鲫鱼（湘云鲫2号）.对改良三倍体鲫鱼的染色体数目和组型、性腺和垂体结构、外形特征、生长速度等方面进行了系统的研究.结果表明,改良三倍体鲫鱼的染色体数目为3n=150,核型公式为33m＋51sm＋33st＋33t;其精巢和卵巢在繁殖季节不能产生成熟配子,垂体超微结构显示,GTH细胞内的分泌颗粒和分泌小球在繁殖季节没有大量排出,该特征从内分泌的角度证明了它们的不育性;改良三倍体鲫鱼具有体背高、尾柄短和头部小的优良外形特征.与三倍体湘云鲫相比,改良三倍体鲫鱼不但保留了三倍体鱼生长速度快、不育等特点,而且在体形方面表现出明显的改良特征,是一种新型改良三倍体鲫鱼.     

雷氏大疣蛛毒素—Ⅱ的纯化与初步毒性研究

雷氏大疣蛛是我国最近鉴定的蜘蛛新种。雷氏大疣蛛毒素－Ⅱ就是以其粗毒为材料,利用阴、阳离子交换层析和反相HPLC分离得到并命名的一种新型神经毒素肽,根据质谱分析得知它的相对分子质量为3021．56;通过初步毒性研究,证明它是一个神经毒素。     

Nitrogen economy of alpine plants on the north Tibetan Plateau: Nitrogen conservation by resorption rather than open sources through biological symbiotic fixation

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important factors limiting plant productivity, and N fixation by legume species is an important source of N input into ecosystems. Meanwhile, N resorption from senescent plant tissues conserves nutrients taken up in the current season, which may alleviate ecosystem N limitation. N fixation was assessed by the ¹⁵N dilution technique in four types of alpine grasslands along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients. The N resorption efficiency (NRE) was also measured in these alpine grasslands. The aboveground biomass in the alpine meadow was 4–6 times higher than in the alpine meadow steppe, alpine steppe, and alpine desert steppe. However, the proportion of legume species to community biomass in the alpine steppe and the alpine desert steppe was significantly higher than the proportion in the alpine meadow. N fixation by the legume plants in the alpine meadow was 0.236 g N/m², which was significantly higher than N fixation in other alpine grasslands (0.041 to 0.089 g N/m²). The NRE in the alpine meadows was lower than in the other three alpine grasslands. Both the aboveground biomass and N fixation of the legume plants showed decreasing trends with the decline of precipitation and soil N gradients from east to west, while the NRE of alpine plants showed increasing trends along the gradients, which indicates that alpine plants enhance the NRE to adapt to the increasing droughts and nutrient‐poor environments. The opposite trends of N fixation and NRE along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients indicate that alpine plants adapt to precipitation and soil nutrient limitation by promoting NRE (conservative nutrient use by alpine plants) rather than biological N fixation (open sources by legume plants) on the north Tibetan Plateau.     

GADD45α mediates arsenite‐induced cell apoptotic effect in human hepatoma cells via JNKs/AP‐1‐dependent pathway

Arsenite (As(III)), an effective chemotherapeutic agent for the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and multiple myeloma (MM), might be also a promise for the therapy of other cancers, including the solid tumors. However, the molecular bases of arsenite‐induced cytotoxicity in the tumor cells have not been fully defined. In this study, we have disclosed that arsenite effectively induces the apoptotic response in the HepG2 human hepatoma cells by triggering GADD45α induction and the subsequent activation of JNKs/AP‐1 cell death pathway. However, signaling events relating to GADD45α/JNKs/AP‐1 pathway activation have not been observed in HL7702 human diploid hepatic cells under the same arsenite exposure condition. Our results thus have illustrated the selective pro‐apoptotic role of arsenite in the hepatoma cells by activating GADD45α‐dependent cell death pathway whereas with little effect on the normal hepatic cells. The approaches to up‐regulate GADD45α levels might be helpful in improving the chemotherapeutic action of arsenite on certain solid tumors including hepatoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1264–1273, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

垦殖对沼泽湿地土壤呼吸速率的影响

三江平原是我国最大的沼泽化低平原,同时也是受人类活动影响最剧烈的区域之一。选取三江平原两类典型湿地-常年积水的毛果苔草(Carex lasiocapa)沼泽和季节性积水的小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)草甸及由其垦殖的水田和旱田为研究对象,利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对土壤呼吸速率进行了观测。研究结果表明,小叶章草甸与毛果苔草沼泽土壤呼吸速率的季节变化形式相同,为单峰型,在夏季出现排放峰值,而冬季呼吸速率最低。沼泽湿地垦殖为旱田后,土壤呼吸速率的季节变化形式未发生变化,但垦殖为水田后,土壤呼吸速率排放峰值的时间延后在秋季出现。毛果苔草沼泽、小叶章草甸、旱田及水田通过土壤呼吸释放的碳量分别为(3.1±0.4)、(4.8±0.7)、(2.8±0.4)、(2.2±0.3)tC.hm-2.a-1。毛果苔草沼泽土壤呼吸速率低于小叶章草甸是由沼泽湿地的积水环境差异造成的,而沼泽湿地垦殖为农田后土壤呼吸作用减弱,主要是由于垦殖后土壤有机碳含量大幅降低所致。相关分析表明,温度和土壤湿度(或积水深度)是影响土壤呼吸速率的重要因素,温度与小叶章草甸、毛果苔草沼泽以及旱田土壤呼吸速率呈显著指数关系,Q10值分别为2.1、2.5和1.8,沼泽湿地垦殖为旱田后温度敏感性指数降低,主要是由于土壤微生物营养源减少从而对微生物营养供应受限造成的。小叶章草甸、毛果苔草沼泽、旱田以及水田土壤呼吸速率与土壤湿度/积水深度之间的关系可用线性或二次曲线方程来描述。     

Global gene expression analysis to identify molecular markers of uterine receptivity and embryo implantation

Infertility and spontaneous pregnancy losses are an enduring problem to women's health. The establishment of pregnancy depends on successful implantation, where a complex series of interactions occurs between the heterogeneous cell types of the uterus and blastocyst. Although a number of genes are implicated in embryo-uterine interactions during implantation, genetic evidence suggests that only a small number of them are critical to this process. To obtain a global view and identify novel pathways of implantation, we used a dual screening strategy to analyze the expression of nearly 10,000 mouse genes by microarray analysis. Comparison of implantation and interimplantation sites by a conservative statistical approach revealed 36 up-regulated genes and 27 down-regulated genes at the implantation site. We also compared the uterine gene expression profile of progesterone-treated, delayed implanting mice to that of mice in which delayed implantation was terminated by estrogen. The results show up-regulation of 128 genes and down-regulation of 101 genes after termination of the delayed implantation. A combined analysis of these experiments showed specific up-regulation of 27 genes both at the implantation site and during uterine activation, representing a broad diversity of molecular functions. In contrast, the majority of genes that were decreased in the combined analysis were related to host immunity or the immune response, suggesting the importance of these genes in regulating the uterine environment for the implanting blastocyst. Collectively, we identified genes with recognized roles in implantation, genes with potential roles in this process, and genes whose functions have yet to be defined in this event. The identification of unique genetic markers for the onset of implantation signifies that genome-wide analysis coupled with functional assays is a promising approach to resolve the molecular pathways required for successful implantation.