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91.
92.
The molecular mechanism of light signal transduction in plants mediated by the photosensor phytochrome is not well understood. The possibility that phytochrome initiates the signal transduction chain by modulating a G-protein-like receptor is examined in the present work. Etiolated Avena seedlings contain G-proteins as examined in terms of the binding of GTP as well as by cross-reaction with mammalian G-protein antibodies. The binding of GTP was regulated in vivo by red/far-red light. The possible involvement of G-proteins in the phytochrome-mediated signal transduction in etiolated Avena seedlings has been implicated from the study of the light regulated expression of the Cab and phy genes. 相似文献
93.
Paleolimnology of Qilu Hu,Yunnan Province,China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Mark Brenner Kathleen Dorsey Song Xueliang Wang Zuguan Long Ruihua Michael W. Binford Thomas J. Whitmore Allen M. Moore 《Hydrobiologia》1991,214(1):333-340
Qilu Hu is a large (A = 36.9 km2), shallow (zmax = 6.8 m) lake that lies at an elevation of 1797 m above msl on the Yunnan Plateau, southern China. Lake waters are hard (Mg = 3.2m eq L–1, Ca = 1.3 meq L–1 ), fresh (conductivity = 380 S cm –1), and productive (Secchi < 40 cm). An 11-m sediment core has a basal 14C age of 30960 ± 860 B.P. Sediments between 11 m and 6 m are high in % dry weight, rich in clay components Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, MgO, and low in organic C (6.1%), carbonate-C (<1.0%), total N (<3.2 mg g–1), and total S (<-1.7 mg g–1). Diatoms and pollen indicate open-water conditions between 9.0 m and 6.0 m (1342011790 B.P.). Above 6.0 m, CaCO3 and organic matter concentrations increase relative to clastics. The transition marks a change to shallow-water conditions as inferred from diatoms and pollen, and probably reflects a shift to drier climate. Uppermost (80-0 cm) red clays were deposited rapidly, probably as a consequence of recent (decades to centuries) riparian disturbances (e.g. agriculture, lake-bottom reclamation, urban development). Dates assigned to events in the Qilu Hu profile are tentative because of potential hard-water-lake error. 相似文献
94.
1 前言 土地处理系统对悬浮固体具有很好的净化效果,其净化率要害99%以上,但实际过程中,一些干扰 相似文献
95.
Xiaohua Li Ling Song Krystyna Kolasa Richard S. Jope 《Journal of neurochemistry》1992,58(6):2330-2333
Administration of kainate or pentylenetetrazole increased c-fos, c-jun, junB, and junD mRNA levels in rat brain in a dose-dependent manner. Kainate increased these mRNA levels predominantly in the hippocampus, and pentylenetetrazole was more effective in the cortex. Adrenalectomy (3 days) was used to eliminate endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. Adrenalectomy significantly potentiated kainate-induced increases, compared with increases caused by kainate (4 mg/kg) alone, in the hippocampal mRNA levels of c-fos and junB by 6.5-fold and of junD by twofold and tended to augment c-jun mRNA. Corticosterone administration blocked the potentiated stimulation of these mRNA levels caused by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy also significantly increased pentylenetetrazole-induced levels of c-fos mRNA in the cortex. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids modulate immediate early gene expression in the brain, raising the possibility that this interaction contributes to interneuronal and interindividual differences in responses to stimuli and to the effects of stress- or disease-induced changes in glucocorticoid concentrations. 相似文献
96.
A study was made to observe the effect of cobalt-60 irradiation on the viability of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in Sinopotamon chekiangense crabs. The crabs were collected in mountain regions of the Zhejiang Province of China in which paragonimiasis is endemic. Adult cats and albino mice were infected with metacercariae irradiated at different doses. Dissection of the host animals was conducted 90 or 30 days, respectively, after infection for recovery of lung flukes. Anti-metacercariae antibody in infected mice was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that metacercariae were unable to grow into adult worms in cats after exposure to gamma irradiation at a dose of 0.10 kGray. However, a small number of metacercariae exposed to a dose of 2.0 kGray excysted and survived in 1 mouse for 30 days. No worm was recovered from mice when the metacercariae were irradiated at a dose of 2.5 kGray. Seropositive results by ELISA were obtained when the mice were infected with metacercariae irradiated at doses ranging from 2.0 to 3.5 kGray. 相似文献
97.
Local and nonlocal curvature elasticity in bilayer membranes by tether formation from lecithin vesicles.
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Bilayer membranes exhibit an elastic resistance to changes in curvature. This resistance depends both on the intrinsic stiffness of the constituent monolayers and on the curvature-induced expansion or compression of the monolayers relative to each other. The monolayers are constrained by hydrophobic forces to remain in contact, but they are capable of independent lateral redistribution to minimize the relative expansion or compression of each leaflet. Therefore, the magnitude of the expansion and compression of the monolayers relative to each other depends on the integral of the curvature over the entire membrane capsule. The coefficient characterizing the membrane stiffness resulting from relative expansion is the nonlocal bending modulus kr. Both the intrinsic (local) bending modulus (kc) and the nonlocal bending modulus (kr) can be measured by the formation of thin cylindrical membrane strands (tethers) from giant phospholipid vesicles. Previously, we reported measurements of kc based on measurements of tether radius as a function of force (Song and Waugh, 1991, J. Biomech. Engr. 112:233). Further analysis has revealed that the contribution from the nonlocal bending stiffness can be detected by measuring the change in the aspiration pressure required to establish equilibrium with increasing tether length. Using this approach, we obtain a mean value for the nonlocal bending modulus kr of approximately 4.1 x 10(-19)J. The range of values is broad (1.1-10.1 x 10(-19)J) and could reflect contributions other than simple mechanical equilibrium. Inclusion of the nonlocal bending stiffness in the calculation of kc results in a value for that modulus of approximately 1.20 +/- 0.17 x 10(-19)J, in close agreement with values obtained by other methods. 相似文献
98.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is used more often than any other detergent as an excellent denaturing or "unfolding" detergent. However, formation of ordered structure (alpha-helix or beta-sheet) in certain peptides is known to be induced by interaction with SDS micelles. The SDS-induced structures formed by these peptides are amphiphilic, having both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic face. Previous work in this area has revealed that SDS induces helical folding in a wide variety of non-helical proteins. Here, we describe the interaction of several structurally unrelated proteins with SDS micelles and the correlation of these structures to helical amphiphilic regions present in the primary sequence. It is likely that the ability of native nonordered protein structures to form induced amphiphilic ordered structures is rather common. 相似文献
99.
A spin label study of immobilized enzyme spectral subpopulations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin label studies have been carried out to examine the active site conformation of alpha-chymotrypsin before and after immobilization on two types of organic polymer supports: Amberlite XAD-8 and XAD-2. alpha-Chymotryspin was first chemically modified by reaction with methyl-4-phenylbutyrimidate and then inhibited by the active site spin label 4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperdine-1-oxyl)-m-flurosulfonylbenzamide. In general, the ESR spectra of the active site lable revealed no significant changes in conformation for most of the enzyme before or after derivatization. On the other hand, two spectral subpopulations (A and B) of spin-labeled enzyme were characterized on the basis of their ESR spectra after immobilization on Amberlite XAD-8. Spectral subpopulation A (distinguished by a highly restrained spectrum) appeared to retain its active site structure and conformation and represented a large majority of the labeled chymotrypsin on the beads. Its presence correlated with the high activity and stability of phenylbutyramidinated chymotryspin on the Amberlite XAD-8 beads. Spectral subpopulation B (distinguished by a very weakly constrained spectrum) appeared to reflect loosely bound or denatured enzyme which was removable upon washing with 40% (v/v) ethylene glycol. Two methods for examining solvent accessibility to the active site lable of the kinetics of ascorbate reduction suggested that both spectral subpopulations had identical accessibilities to the bulk solvent. Paramagnetic broadening of the signal by K(3)Fe(CN)(6) revealed differences in the spin-spin broadening of the A and B components but is deemed and inappropriate indicator of solvent accessibility. 相似文献
100.
Previously, we have demonstrated that intrathecally (i.t.) administered corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in mice produces stimulus-specific antinociception and modulation of morphine-induced antinociception by mechanisms involving spinal kappa opioid receptors. Recently, we also have found that CRF releases immunoreactive dynorphin A, a putative endogenous kappa opioid receptor agonist, from superfused mice spinal cords in vitro. Dynorphin A administered intracerebroventricularlly (i.c.v.) to mice has been shown to modulate the expression of morphine tolerance. In the present study, the possible modulatory effects of i.t. administered CRF as well as dynorphin A on morphine tolerance were studied in an acute tolerance model. Subcutaneous administration of 100 mg/kg of morphine sulfate (MS) to mice caused an acute tolerance to morphine-induced antinociception. The antinociceptive ED50 of MS was increased from 4.4 mg/kg (naive mice) to 17.9 mg/kg (4 hours after the injection of 100 mg/kg MS). To study the modulatory effects of spinally administered CRF and dynorphin A on the expression of morphine tolerance, CRF and dynorphin A were injected i.t. at 15 min and 5 min, respectively, before testing the tolerant mice by the tail-flick assay. The antinociceptive ED50 of MS in tolerant mice was decreased to 8.8 mg/kg and 7.1 mg/kg, respectively, after i.t. administration of CRF (0.1 nmol) and dynorphin A (0.2 nmol). In contrast, 0.5 nmol of alpha-helical CRF (9-41), a CRF antagonist and 0.4 nmol of norbinaltorphimine, a highly selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist, when administered i.t. at 15 min before the tail-flick test in tolerant mice, increased the antinociceptive ED50 of MS to 56.6 mg/kg and 88.8 mg/kg, respectively. These data confirmed the modulatory effect of dynorphin A on morphine tolerance and suggested that CRF, which releases dynorphin A in several central nervous system regions, also plays a modulatory role in the expression of morphine tolerance. 相似文献